Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the EPICE-SHIPS sample assessed at both 2 and 5 years by native vs. foreign-born mothers (N = 3067).
Mother’s country of birth | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Native (n = 2475) | Foreign (n = 592) | p-valuea | |
Infant gestational age (Mean (SD), weeks) | 28.82 (2.01) | 28.79 (2.03) | 0.562 |
Mother’s age (Mean (SD), years) | 31.52 (5.72) | 31.98 (5.64) | 0.103 |
Mother’s educational level (n (%)) | <0.001 | ||
Low | 352 (14.3) | 144 (24.4) | |
Medium-High | 2103 (85.7) | 447 (75.6) | |
Single mother status (n (%)) | 0.043 | ||
Yes | 274 (11.1) | 83 (14.2) | |
No | 2188 (88.9) | 502 (85.8) | |
Household employment (n (%)) | <0.001 | ||
At least one parent unemployed | 228 (9.3) | 106 (18.1) | |
Employed | 2226 (90.7) | 479 (81.9) | |
Type of pregnancy (n (%)) | 0.700 | ||
Singleton | 1681 (67.9) | 402 (67.9) | |
Multiple | 794 (32.1) | 190 (32.1) | |
Parity (n (%)) | <0.001 | ||
Primiparous | 1550 (63.2) | 317 (54.0) | |
Multiparous | 902 (36.8) | 270 (46.0) | |
Infant sex (n (%)) | 0.188 | ||
Female | 1141 (46.1) | 291 (49.2) | |
Male | 1334 (53.9) | 301 (50.8) | |
Severe neonatal morbidityb (n (%)) | 0.375 | ||
Yes | 255 (10.5) | 47 (8.2) | |
No | 2178 (89.5) | 527 (91.8) | |
BPDc (n (%)) | 0.041 | ||
Yes | 352 (14.3) | 59 (10.1) | |
No | 2103 (85.7) | 524 (89.9) | |
SDQ total score at 5 years (Mean (SD)) | 9.41 (5.69) | 10.06 (5.74) | 0.007 |
