Fig. 5: HM EVs regulate expression of cytokines and signaling proteins in macrophages.

a–g Gene expression relative to no treatment control of media only (y = 1). Cells were pre-treated with 40 μg/mL term or preterm HM EVs, followed by inflammatory activation with LPS (1 ng/mL), in replicate experiments. ****p < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.04, ns=non-significant, one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons.