Fig. 1: Flow diagram of studies included in the individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses.

Note. RECAP Research of European Children and Adults Born Preterm, APIC Adult Born Preterm International Collaboration, AYLS Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study, BLS Bavarian Longitudinal Study, ESTER The Preterm Birth and Early Life Programming of Adult Health and Disease Study, EPICure EPICure study, HESVA Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Low Birth Weight in a Lifetime Perspective study, NZVLBW New Zealand Very Low Birth Weight Study, POPS Project on Preterm and Small for Gestational Age Infants, RWH Royal Women’s Hospital Study, UCLH University College London Hospital Cohort Study, VICS Victorian Infant Collaborative Study.