Table 2 Neurodevelopmental outcomes of the study groups.

	Sepsis−/NEC− (n = 9507)	Sepsis+/NEC− (n = 1830)	Sepsis−/NEC+ (n = 536)	Sepsis++/NEC− (n = 533)	Sepsis+/NEC+ (n = 433)	p-value
Blindness	17/5243 (0.3%)^§	5/947 (0.5%)^*‡	1/229 (0.4%)^‡	2/279 (0.7%)	4/158 (2.5%)^*§	0.001
Hearing loss	69/4612 (1.5%)^†‡	21/777 (2.7%)^‡	4/209 (1.9%)^‡	15/223 (6.7%)^*	16/134 (11.9%)^*§¶	<0.001
Cerebral palsy	273/5281 (5.2%)^¶†‡	62/975 (6.4%)^†‡	24/227 (10.6%)^*	35/281 (12.5%)^*§	28/160 (17.5%)^*§	<0.001
Motor delay	648/5333 (12.2%)^§¶†‡	155/990 (15.7%)^*¶†‡	57/230 (24.8%)^*§	71/290 (24.5%)^*§‡	62/163 (38.0%)^*§†	<0.001
Mental delay	617/3988 (15.5%)^§¶†‡	160/726 (22.0%)^*‡	51/183 (27.9%)^*	59/211 (28.0%)^*	53/129 (41.1%)^*§	<0.001
Any NDI	1013/4083 (24.8%)^§¶†‡	234/752 (31.1%)^*†‡	78/189 (41.3%)^*	102/220 (46.4%)^*§	77/136 (56.6%)^*§	<0.001
Any NDI or death	2030/5100 (39.8%)^§¶†‡	545/1063 (51.3%)^*¶†‡	253/364 (69.5%)^*§‡	201/319 (63.0%)^*§‡	236/295 (80.0%)^*§¶†	<0.001

Values are expressed as N (%) or means ± standard deviations.
Groups with statistically significant differences based on the Bonferroni test are indicated by superscript symbols (^*p < 0.005 when compared with Sepsis−/NEC−, ^§p < 0.005 when compared with Sepsis+/NEC−, ^¶p < 0.005 when compared with Sepsis−/NEC+, ^†p < 0.005 when compared with Sepsis++/NEC−, ^‡p < 0.005 when compared with Sepsis+/NEC+).
Sepsis−/NEC− No episode of sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), Sepsis+/NEC− single episode of sepsis without NEC, Sepsis−/NEC+ NEC without sepsis, Sepsis++/NEC− multiple episodes of sepsis without NEC, Sepsis+/NEC+ both sepsis and NEC, NDI neurodevelopmental impairment.

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