Table 1 Baseline characteristics of mothers and their infants with and without punctate white matter lesions (PWML).
Baseline variables | Infants without PWML (N = 364) | Infants with PWML (N = 28) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal smoking, n (%) | 44 (12.1) | 6 (21.4) | 0.15 |
Maternal opioid use, n (%) | 26 (7.1) | 6 (21.4) | 0.02 |
Maternal alcohol use, n (%) | 29 (8.1) | 0 (0) | 0.24 |
Prenatal care, n (%) | 333 (91.5) | 24 (85.7) | 0.30 |
Antenatal steroids, full course, n (%) | 276 (75.8) | 16 (57.1) | 0.04 |
Magnesium sulfate, n (%) | 308 (84.6) | 22 (78.6) | 0.42 |
Histologic chorioamnionitis, mod-severe, n (%) | 50 (13.7) | 7 (25.0) | 0.10 |
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, n (%) | 154 (42.3) | 14 (50.0) | 0.44 |
Multiple birth, n (%) | 131 (35.9) | 9 (32.1) | 0.83 |
Gestational age, weeks, mean (SD) | 29.2 (2.5) | 29.9 (2.3) | 0.15 |
Birth weight, grams, mean (SD) | 1286 (452) | 1400 (413) | 0.18 |
Female sex, n (%) | 170 (46.7) | 13 (46.4) | 1.00 |
Indomethacin prophylaxis, n (%) | 15 (4.1%) | 1 (3.6) | 1.00 |
Clinical risk for babies II, median (IQR) | 6.0 (7.0) | 5.5 (4.5) | 0.89 |
Sepsis, postnatal, n (%) | 43 (11.8) | 0 (0%) | 0.06 |
Surgery requiring general anesthesia, n (%) | 45 (12.4) | 0 (0) | 0.06 |
Retinopathy of prematurity, n (%) | 21 (5.6) | 1 (3.6) | 1.00 |
BPD, mod-severe, n (%) | 71 (19.5) | 3 (10.7) | 0.32 |
White matter injury, head ultrasound, n (%) | 34 (9.3) | 5 (17.9) | 0.18 |
High-risk socioeconomic status, n (%) | 164 (45.1) | 10 (35.7) | 0.43 |
PMA at MRI, weeks mean (SD) | 42.8 (1.4) | 42.1 (1.3) | 0.02 |
