Table 3 Comparison between the different study groups according to the developmental scores by the ages and stages Questionnaire -3 (ASQ- 3).

ASQ- 3	NAID Placebo group (n = 47)		NAID interventional group (n = 47)		IDA group (n = 124)		P value
ASQ- 3	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	P value
Before intervention
Black zone	14	29.8	16	34.0	48	38.7	^MCp1 < 0.001*
Gray zone	5	10.6	4	8.5	12	9.7
White zone	28	59.6	27	57.5	64	51.6
After
Black zone	16	34.0	2	4.3	14	11.3	^MCp1 < 0.001*
Gray zone	6	12.8	2	4.3	8	6.5
White zone	25	53.2	43	91.5	102	82.2
^MCNp₀	0.625		<0.001*		<0.001*
Developmental total score (Mean ± SD)
Before intervention	150.53 ± 24.39		151.9 ± 23.76		141.4 ± 27.02		P1 < 0.001*	P2 = 0.992	P3 = 0.054
After intervention	151.5 ± 25.32		181.5 ± 21.99		175.0 ± 23.70		P1 < 0.001*	P2 < 0.001*	P3 < 0.001*
Estimated intervention effect	0.96 (-2.44–0.53)		29.57 (26.66–32.49)		33.63 (31.79–35.47)
t (p0)	1.295 (0.202)		20.405 (<0.001*)		36.263 (<0.001*)

NAID non anemic iron deficiency, IDA iron deficiency anemia.
MC Monte Carlo McN McNemar test, t t–test, SD Standard deviation.
p₀: p-value for estimated intervention effect of each parameter by comparing the effect of intervention/placebo versus before intervention/placebo values.
P1: p value for intergroup comparison between the different studied groups before/ after intervention.
p2: p value for comparing the NAID placebo group and the NAID interventional group before/ after intervention.
p_3: p value for comparing between NAID interventional group and IDA group before/ after intervention. *High statistically significant at p ≤ <0.001.
white zone: refers to patient scores falling in the white area in ASQ-3, indicating that the child is developing typically.
Gray zone: refers to patient scores falling within the gray zone in ASQ-3, indicating that it is necessary to conduct additional testing in the future and closely monitor the child.
Black zone: refers to patient scores 2 standard deviations below the mean of their age-appropriate, thus falling within the black region developmental levels, suggesting a potential susceptibility to developmental delays.

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