Fig. 3: Functional enrichment analysis of the neonatal gut microbiome.
From: Impact of donor human milk pasteurization methods on the gut microbiome of preterm infants
a GO enrichment analysis of carbohydrate metabolism-related genes in Holder-pasteurized, Retort-pasteurized, and MOM-fed neonates. Holder-pasteurized milk-fed neonates exhibited significant enrichment of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including glycosyl transferase (GT) and glycoside hydrolase (GH) families, carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM), and carbohydrate esterase (CE) enzymes. b Enrichment of transport and regulatory pathways in Holder milk-fed neonates. Genes associated with ABC transporters and phosphotransferase systems (PTS), including aldouronate and raffinose/stachyose/melibiose transporters, were significantly enriched. Two-component system regulators (YesN/YesM) and HTH-type transcriptional regulators were also overrepresented, suggesting microbial adaptation to Holder-pasteurized milk composition.
