Table 2 Association of caffeine and neonatal comorbidities with MRI abnormalities.

From: Cumulative caffeine exposure predicts neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants

Predictor

Moderate or severe WMI

Grade 3 GMH/IVH or PVHI

Cerebellar hemorrhage

OR

95% CI

p value

OR

95% CI

p value

OR

95% CI

p value

Univariate

 Maint. dose

1.45

1.06, 1.97

0.019

1.13

0.76, 1.66

0.549

1.01

0.77, 1.33

0.950

 ADCE

1.50

1.14, 1.97

0.004

0.97

0.71, 1.33

0.863

1.03

0.81, 1.29

0.823

 CCE

1.00

1.00, 1.01

0.004

1.00

1.00, 1.00

0.967

1.00

1.00, 1.00

0.470

 BPD severity

2.20

1.39, 3.48

0.001

1.56

0.90, 2.69

0.111

1.57

1.03, 2.40

0.036

 PDA

3.33

1.21, 9.17

0.020

1.85

0.53, 6.45

0.332

1.50

0.62, 3.60

0.365

 GA at birth

0.85

0.69, 1.05

0.125

1.05

0.81, 1.37

0.717

0.84

0.69, 1.03

0.100

Multivariable

 Maint. dosea

1.28

0.93, 1.77

0.124

0.99

0.66, 1.48

0.962

0.90

0.66, 1.23

0.515

 ADCEa

1.28

0.95, 1.71

0.100

0.83

0.59, 1.18

0.307

0.96

0.73, 1.25

0.742

 CCEa

1.00

1.00, 1.00

0.181

1.00

0.99, 1.00

0.323

1.00

1.00, 1.00

0.946

 BPD severityb

1.79

1.08, 2.96

0.023

1.61

0.88, 2.97

0.124

1.67

1.01, 2.77

0.047

 PDAb

2.05

0.69, 6.14

0.199

1.56

0.39, 6.18

0.528

0.87

0.32, 2.42

0.795

  1. PVHI periventricular hemorrhagic infarction. Maint, dose maintenance dose, ADCE average daily caffeine exposure, CCE cumulative caffeine exposure, BPD bronchopulmonary dysplasia, PDA patent ductus arteriosus, GA gestational age at birth.
  2. aMultivariable model included the caffeine dosing parameter of interest, BPD severity, and PDA as covariates.
  3. bMultivariable model included BPD severity, PDA, and ADCE as covariates.
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