Fig. 3: U. urealyticum drives more cell death of alveolar epithelial cells than U. parvum.

Alveolar epithelial cells were inoculated with the indicated U. urealyticum (UU) or U. parvum (UP) strains at a MOI 100. After a 48 h incubation, cells and supernatants were harvested. a Supernatants were analyzed for the amounts of LDH release, which indicates cell death. Bars represent the mean ± SEM of triplicate cultures. b Cells were incubated with a LIVE/DEAD marker, and the frequency of dead cells was assessed using flow cytometry. Bars show the mean ± SEM of duplicate cultures. Representative results of three independent experiments. UP#1 = U. parvum clinical isolate 2990, UP#2 = U. parvum ATCC 700970, UP#3 = U. parvum ATCC 27815, UP#4 = U. parvum clinical isolate 3763; UU#1 = U. urealyticum ATCC 27618, UU#2 = U. urealyticum ATCC 27817, UU#3 = U. urealyticum clinical isolate 2983. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001 (One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test).