Fig. 1: Anatomical deformities after open EA repair.

a Fusion of Rib 4 and 5 (arrow) and b scoliosis in a 29- and 27-year-old patient, respectively, following open EA repair. c Real-Time MRI of a patient with severe vertebral and chest wall anomaly in 20-year-old EA patient. (https://pedz.de/supplementals/ea-adult/video1.mp4).