Fig. 3: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the two hospitals during the study duration.

The dotted green line represents Hospital A and the dashed blue line represents Hospital B. Arrows denote the initiation of the b-CPAP intervention in each hospital. Statistically significant differences in BPD prevalence in the pre- vs post-implementation periods and between the two NICUs only during the implementation phase (2018–2019).