Table 3 Unadjusted comparison of clinical outcomes between the two groups

Number of patients

359

33,080

Length of stay (in days)

132 (55, 287)

63 (22, 165)

<0.001

Hospitalization cost (in USD)

671,821.3 (23,644.3, 2,004,456.4)

226,190 (10,395.1, 847,828.5)

<0.001

Mortality

86 (24)

1434 (4.3)

<0.001

Respiratory failure

139 (38.7)

4003 (12.1)

<0.001

Intubation and mechanical ventilation

125 (34.8)

3118 (9.4)

<0.001

Hypotension

13 (3.6)

903 (2.7)

0.303

Use for vasopressor

2 (0.6)

121 (0.4)

0.551

Acute kidney injury

52 (14.5)

2384 (7.2)

<0.001

Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome

3 (0.8)

30 (0.1)

<0.001

Sepsis

125 (34.8)

3294 (10)

<0.001

Pulmonary embolism

5 (1.4)

63 (0.2)

<0.001

Deep vein thrombosis

13 (3.6)

235 (0.7)

<0.001

Central venous catheter placement

121 (33.7)

6307 (19.1)

<0.001

Parenteral nutrition

238 (66.3)

14,413 (43.6)

<0.001

Pseudocyst

8 (2.2)

13 (0)

<0.001

Percutaneous biliary procedures

1 (0.3)

6 (0)

0.001

Common bile duct exploration

4 (1.1)

14 (0)

<0.001

Cholecystectomy

9 (2.5)

38 (0.1)

<0.001

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

6 (1.7)

31 (0.1)

<0.001

Pancreatectomy

0(0)

5 (0)

0.816