Table 2 Child characteristics (N = 189)
From: Fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium and language development at 10 and 12 years
n (%)/Mean ± SD | Median (10–90%) | |
|---|---|---|
At birth | ||
Male | 83 (43.9) | |
Race, Black | 152 (80.4) | |
Gestational age, weeks | 38.35 ± 2.95 | 39 (35–41) |
Prematurity (<37 weeks gestational age) | 40 (21.2) | |
Birth weight, grams | 2994 ± 682 | 3130 (2000–3735) |
Birth length, cm | 48.79 ± 3.96 | 49.0 (44.0–53.0) |
Head circumference, cm | 33.12 ± 2.41 | 33.0 (30.2–35.5) |
FAEE levels | ||
Ethyl myristate | 551 ± 1708 | 47 (0–1496) |
Ethyl palmitate | 949 ± 2335 | 134 (32–2487) |
Ethyl oleate | 11,589 ± 36,940 | 270 (55–33,544) |
Ethyl linoleate | 17,759 ± 63,645 | 247 (0–40,614) |
Ethyl linolenate | 5,147 ± 17,326 | 129 (0–14,765) |
Ethyl archidonate | 709 ± 1,409 | 179 (0–2242) |
At age 10 | ||
Age at assessment | 10.12 ± 0.22 | 10.1 (10–10.4) |
WISC-IV Full-Scale IQ, age 9 | 86.85 ± 12.94 | 87 (71–105) |
Non-kinship foster/adoptive care by age 4 | 18 (9.5) | |
TOLD-I:3 Language (n = 181) | ||
Expressive language | 81.78 ± 14.75 | 81 (64–102) |
Receptive language | 84.08 ± 12.40 | 83 (70–102) |
At age 12 | ||
Age at assessment | 12.09 ± 0.23 | 12 (12.0–12.4) |
Violence exposurea | 0.63 ± 0.79 | 0.25 (0–1.88) |
TOLD-I:3 Language (n = 182) | ||
Expressive language | 78.62 ± 14.07 | 79 (59–98) |
Receptive language | 79.37 ± 12.97 | 79 (64–96) |
