Fig. 3: TLR9 was upregulated in CD14⁺ monocytes in TA obtained from infants with BPD.

a The percentage of CD14⁺CCR2⁺ cells was higher in TA obtained from patients with BPD than those without BPD. b The percentage of CD14⁺CCR5⁺ cells was not significantly different between the two groups. c–f The percentages of TLR2-, TLR4-, TLR5-, and TLR7-expressing CD14⁺ cells in TA were not significantly different between the BPD and non-BPD groups. g Comparison of the percentage of CD14⁺TLR9⁺ cells (analyzed by flow cytometry) in TA obtained from patients with BPD and those without BPD. h The percentage of CD14⁺TLR9⁺ cells in TA was negatively correlated with PaO₂/FiO₂ in patients with BPD. i TLR9 was mainly expressed on CD14⁺CD16⁺CD163⁺cells derived from TA of patients with BPD. j Comparison of free dsDNA concentrations (detected using the Pico Green kit) in TA obtained from patients with BPD and those without BPD at 5–10 days after mechanical ventilation. k The percentage of CD14⁺TLR9⁺ cells in TA was positively correlated with the levels of dsDNA in patients with BPD. P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance.