Table 3 Results of two-level models testing the main effect of each factor of COVID-19 media messages on PHBs at both the between- and within-person levels (Fixed effects only).
Predictors | Model 1 Covariates Only | Model 2a Feeling Informed | Model 2b Feeling Connected | Model 2c Positive Perceptions of Government Leadership | Model 2 d Negative Impression of Public Health Measures | Model 2e Feeling Afraid |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | |
Fixed Effects | ||||||
Time | −0.03 (−0.05, −0.02) | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.02) | −0.03 (−0.05, −0.02) | −0.03 (−0.05, −0.02) | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.02) | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.02) |
Baseline Age | 0.02 (−0.08, 0.12) | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.12) | 0.02 (−0.08, 0.11) | 0.02 (−0.07, 0.12) | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.12) | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.10) |
Boy | −0.36 (−0.65, −0.06) | −0.33 (−0.62, −0.05) | −0.35 (−0.65, −0.05) | −0.36 (−0.65, −0.07) | −0.25 (−0.54, 0.04) | −0.25 (−0.56, 0.05) |
Race/Ethnicity: White | −0.35 (−0.70, 0.01) | −0.35 (−0.69, −0.00) | −0.36 (−0.71, 0.00) | −0.33 (−0.68, 0.02) | −0.39 (−0.72, −0.06) | −0.35 (−0.69, −0.00) |
Race/Ethnicity: Asian | −0.28 (−0.81, 0.26) | −0.37 (−0.93, 0.18) | −0.25 (−0.80, 0.29) | −0.26 (−0.80, 0.29) | −0.21 (−0.71, 0.28) | −0.23 (−0.73, 0.26) |
Socioeconomic Status (SES) | −0.22 (−0.41, −0.03) | −0.23 (−0.42, −0.05) | −0.22 (−0.41, −0.03) | −0.22 (−0.41, −0.03) | −0.16 (−0.34, 0.02) | −0.24 (−0.43, −0.06) |
COVID-19 Vaccine | −0.17 (−0.33, −0.00) | −0.17 (−0.33, 0.00) | −0.17 (−0.33, 0.00) | −0.16 (−0.34, 0.01) | −0.19 (−0.35, −0.02) | −0.18 (−0.34, −0.02) |
COVID-19 Testing | 0.11 (−0.06, 0.27) | 0.11 (−0.05, 0.28) | 0.11 (−0.06, 0.27) | 0.10 (−0.06, 0.26) | 0.11 (−0.05, 0.27) | 0.08 (−0.07, 0.23) |
COVID-19 Symptoms | −0.04 (−0.13, 0.04) | −0.04 (−0.13, 0.04) | −0.04 (−0.13, 0.04) | −0.04 (−0.12, 0.05) | −0.05 (−0.13, 0.03) | −0.04 (−0.12, 0.05) |
Republican Tendency | −0.67 (−1.10, −0.24) | −0.52 (−0.96, −0.09) | −0.68 (−1.11, −0.25) | −0.65 (−1.08, −0.22) | −0.56 (−1.01, −0.10) | −0.60 (−1.03, −0.17) |
County-level Mortality Rate (Log) | 0.08 (−0.01, 0.17) | 0.08 (−0.01, 0.17) | 0.08 (−0.01, 0.17) | 0.08 (−0.01, 0.17) | 0.08 (−0.01, 0.18) | 0.09 (−0.01, 0.18) |
County-level Infection Rate (Log) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.07) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.05, 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.06, 0.07) |
Perceptions of Media Messages_BP | −−− | 0.29 (0.05, 0.53) | −0.05 (−0.24, 0.14) | 0.02 (−0.17, 0.22) | −0.29 (−0.44, −0.14) | 0.25 (0.09, 0.42) |
Perceptions of Media Messages_WP | −−− | 0.07 (0.00, 0.14) | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.09) | 0.04 (−0.01, 0.09) | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.07) | 0.06 (0.01, 0.10) |
