Scheme 1

Schematic illustration of GSH-scavenging nanoparticles for synergistic suppression of chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma. Single-cell transcriptomics indicate VEGFR2-JMJD3-abundant cells in the stem-like/progenitor populations in osteosarcoma. NPJ4+Apa could effectively load and release the Apa (VEGFR2 inhibitor) and J4 (JMJD3 inhibitor), increase endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis, and exhibit significant potency against osteosarcoma stem-like/progenitor cell-derived tumors