Fig. 3

Haploinsufficiency of Kindlin-2 and Pth1r genes decreases basal and, to a larger extent, PTH-stimulated bone mass. a Three-dimensional (3D) images of μCT of distal femurs from Dmp1-Cre; Kindlin-2^f/+, Dmp1-Cre; Pth1r^f//+ and Dmp1-Cre; Kindlin-2^f/+; Pth1r^f//+ male mice with and without PTH treatment for 28 d starting at the age of 3 months. b–d Quantitative analyses of the bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), and cortical thickness (Cort.Th) of distal femurs. N = 6 mice per group. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (s.d.). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (a–j), veh versus PTH or single heterozygote versus double heterozygote. e Calcein double-labeling images of the mineralized surface of the non-demineralized distal femora. Scale bars: 50 μm. f, g Quantitative analyses of measurement of the mineral apposition rate (MAR) (f) and bone formation rate (BFR) (g). N = 6 mice per group. h–j Osteoclast formation. Quantitative analyses of the osteoclast surface/bone surface (Oc.S/BS) and osteoclast number/bone perimeter (Oc.N/BPm). N = 6 mice per group. k Immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Sections of tibial sections of the indicated groups were subjected to IF staining with Osx antibody. Scale bars: 50 μm. Arrowheads indicate Osx(+) osteoblasts