Table 7 ncRNAs transferred by TEX participate in TIE

miR-24-3p, 891a, 106a-5p, 20a-5p and 1908

Promote T cell dysfunction by downregulating the MAPK1 pathway, thereby inhibiting the antitumor immunity and promote TIE

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

²⁷⁸

miR-214 and miR-214

Promote the Treg phenotype by inhibiting PTEN in T cells, thereby inhibiting the antitumor immunity and promote TIE

Mouse lung cancer and sarcoma, NSCLC, Multiple myeloma

^279,472,473

miR-23a

Upregulates PD-L1 expression in macrophages and inhibits NK cells via downregulate CD107, thereby inhibiting the antitumor immunity and promote TIE

HCC, CML

^276,277

miR-212-3p

Inhibits antigen presentation process by downregulating MHC class II molecules in immature DC cells, thereby inhibiting the antitumor immunity and promote TIE

Pancreatic cancer

⁴⁷⁴

miR-21 and miR-29a

Lead to the M2-type polarization of TAMs and promotes immunosuppression and TIE

NSCLC

^475,476

lncRNA ZFAS1

Suppresses apoptosis of tumor cells and promotes the process of EMT, thereby promote TIE

Gastric cancer

²⁸⁰

lncRNA UCA1

Promotes the process of EMT, thereby promote TIE

Bladder cancer

²⁸¹

lncRNA MALAT1

Promotes tumor growth, metastasis and inhibits tumor cell apoptosis, thereby promote TIE

Lung cancer

²⁸²