Fig. 5 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 5

From: Pyroptosis: mechanisms and diseases

Fig. 5The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Positive feedback loops of pyroptosis and immune response. After the occurrence of pyroptosis, the formed pores release inflammatory factors, such as Il-1β, HMGB1 LDH, and ATP, which act as alarm signals to activate and recruit immune cells and mediate the immune response. BRAF + MEK inhibitors induce GSDME-dependent pyroptosis mediated by caspase-3, and cause an increase in CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell infiltration and a decrease in MDSC and TAM. Cytotoxic lymphocytes release perforin and granzyme, and perforin forms pores in tumor cells. Granzyme enters tumor cells through these pores. GzmA cleaves GSDMB, and GzmB cleaves GSDME, further inducing pyroptosis. This forms a positive feedback loop, which means that a small number of cancer cells undergoing pyroptosis can trigger a tumor immune response and expand the death response

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