Fig. 1 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 1

From: UBQLN1 mediates sorafenib resistance through regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS homeostasis by targeting PGC1β in hepatocellular carcinoma

Fig. 1

Decreased ROS levels in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. a Cells were treated with different concentrations of sorafenib for 48 h. Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay. Resistant cells had higher IC50s than their parental counterparts. b Real-time cell analysis revealed the inhibition rates of sorafenib (HCCLM3: 10 µM, SK-Hep-1: 5 µM, HepG2: 5 µM) over time. c, e Intracellular ROS levels were measured using a DCFH-DA probe via flow cytometry with or without 48 h of sorafenib treatment (5 µM) in parental and resistant cells. d, f Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay with or without sorafenib treatment and ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), which was added to the media 3 h before sorafenib treatment. g Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay with or without sorafenib treatment and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. NS not statistically significant

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