Fig. 6: Subpopulation analysis of B cells.

a UMAP projection of B cells. Each dot represents a single cell, colored according to cell type. b Dot plot of canonical cell markers used to annotate clusters in the UMAP plot. c Boxplots showing the differences in percentages of each cell type to the number of B cells comparing different disease conditions to healthy controls (HCs). Boxes are colored according to disease conditions and stages of the moderate condition. The PBMC samples from moderate patients were classified into 3 stages (<10 days, 10–20 days, and >20 days) based on the days after symptom onset. Boxplots indicate the median and interquartile range (IQR); the whiskers represent 1.5 times the IQR. Each circle represents the proportion of each sample. Two-sided unpaired Mann–Whitney U test was used for analysis, and a p value < 0.05 is considered significant. d The percentage of clonal status in B cells that have BCR, across disease conditions and stages. e Boxplots show the proportion of IgG, IgM, IgD, and IgA, comparing different disease conditions to HCs. Boxes are colored according to disease conditions and stages of the moderate condition. The PBMC samples from moderate patients were classified into 3 stages (<10 days, 10–20 days, and >20 days) based on the days after symptom onset. Boxplots indicate the median and interquartile range (IQR); the whiskers represent 1.5 times the IQR. Each circle represents the proportion of each sample. Two-sided Kruskal–Wallis test was used for analysis, and a p-value < 0.05 is considered significant. f Violin plots showing the gene expression levels of selected DEGs generated genes in B cells by comparing different conditions. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. No asterisk indicates no statistical significance