Fig. 1 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Endothelial dysfunction contributes to severe COVID-19 in combination with dysregulated lymphocyte responses and cytokine networks

Fig. 1

Dynamic changes in the entire immune cell composition in severe COVID-19 patients with memory T-cell development and plasmablast expansion. Immune cell distribution reflected by absolute numbers in patient blood was analyzed using TruCount analyses. a, b Multigroup comparison with a P value cutoff of 0.041 was used to identify significant differences among UE (n = 29), ICU (n = 58) and CONV (n = 28) for (a) principal component analysis and (b) heatmap analysis. Blue to yellow scale represents the expression values normalized to mean = 0, var = 1. Missing values are displayed in white. c–f Numbers of different immune cells in patient blood. T cells: naive (CCR7 + CD45RO−), central memory (CM, CCR7 + CD45RO + ), effector memory (EM, CCR7−CD45RO + ) and TEMRA (CCR7−CD45RO−); B cells: naive (IgD + CD27−) memory (mem, CD27 + IgD−), switch precursor (switch pre, CD27 + IgD + ), effector memory (eff mem, IgD−CD27−) and plasmablasts (CD19 + CD20−CD27 + CD38 + ). Black triangles represent last samples from deceased patients. UE: unexposed donors, ICU: intensive care unit patients, CONV: convalescent patients, CM: central memory, EM: effector memory, mem eff: memory effector, switch pre: switch precursor. Statistical analysis: ANOVA test with Turkey multiple comparison test or Kruskal–Wallis with test with Dunn’s multiple comparison test were performed. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001

Back to article page