Table 7 The clinical-stage antibody fragments and their derivatives for cancer treatment

From: Emerging new therapeutic antibody derivatives for cancer treatment

Name

Format

Target

Indication(s)

Status

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier

Copper Cu 64-DOTA-B-Fab

Fab

CA6

Ovarian carcinoma

Breast carcinoma

Phase I

NCT02708511

CSR02-Fab-TF

Fab

PLVAP

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Early Phase I

NCT04601428

Ranibizumab

Fab

VEGF

Uveal melanoma

Phase IV

NCT00540930

Naptumomab estafenatox

Fab and SEA fusion protein

5T4

Renal cell carcinoma

Phase II

Phase III

NCT00420888

IMCgp100

Monoclonal TCR

anti-CD3

scFv fusion protein

CD3

Advanced metastatic melanoma

Early Phase I

NCT01209676

L19-IL2

Recombinant scFv

EDB

Solid tumor

Phase I

NCT02086721

rM28

Bispecific scFv

CD28/HMV-MAA

Malignant melanoma

Phase I

NCT00204594

D2C7-IT

scFv-based immunotoxin

EGFRwt and EGFRvIII

Recurrent malignant glioma

Phase I

NCT02303678

NM21–1480

Trispecific scFv fusion protein

PD-L1/4–1BB/HSA

Advanced solid tumor

Phase I

Phase II

NCT04442126

Vicinium

scFv-based immunotoxin

EpCAM

Bladder cancer

Phase III

NCT02449239

[124 I] PSCA-Minibody

Minibody

PSCA

Prostate cancer

Pancreatic cancer

Bladder cancer

Phase I

NCT02092948

6B11-OCIK

Minibody

6B11

Recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer

Phase I

NCT03542669

T84.66

Iodine I 123 anti-CEA recombinant diabody

CEA

Colorectal cancer

Phase I

NCT00647153

BCMA VHH CAR-T Cell

VHH

BCMA

Relapsed/refractory myeloma

Phase I

NCT03664661

CD19/20 bispecific VHH-derived CAR-T Cells

VHH

CD19/CD20

Refractory/relapsed B cell lymphoma

Phase I

NCT03881761

ALX-0651

VHH

CXCR4

Healthy volunteers

Phase I

NCT01374503

αPD1-MSLN-CAR T cells

Secreting PD-1 VHHs

MSLN

Non-small cell lung cancer

Mesothelioma

Early Phase I

NCT04489862

Colorectal cancer

Ovarian cancer

NCT04503980

[131I]-SGMIB anti-HER2 VHH1

VHH

HER2

Healthy volunteers

Breast cancer

Phase I

NCT02683083

68-Ga NOTA-anti-MMR-VHH2

VHH

MMR

Malignant solid tumor

Breast cancer

Head and neck cancer

Melanoma (skin)

Phase I/IIa

NCT04168528

68-GaNOTA-anti-HER2 VHH1

VHH

HER2

Metastatic breast carcinoma

Locally advanced breast cancer

Phase II

NCT03924466

Breast neoplasm

Breast carcinoma

Receptor, ErbB-2

Phase II

NCT03331601

99mTc-MIRC208

VHH-based radiotracer

HER2

HER2-positive cancer

Preclinical

NCT04591652

TAS226

Tetravalent VHH

DR5

Advanced solid tumors

Phase I

NCT01529307