Table 2 Ongoing or completed preclinical/clinical studies with OVs and ICIs or ACT therapies

From: Engineering strategies to enhance oncolytic viruses in cancer immunotherapy

Immunotherapy type

Oncolytic virus

Transgenes

Combination agent/target

Tumor type

Reference/identifier

Phase/status

 

Adenovirus (CG0070)

GM-CSF

Pembrolizumab

Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer

NCT04387461

Phase II Recruiting

 

Adenovirus (DNX2401)

None

Pembrolizumab

Glioblastoma and gliosarcoma

NCT02798406

Phase II Completed

 

Adenovirus (ONCOS-102)

GM-CSF

Pembrolizumab

Unresectable melanoma

NCT03003676

Phase I Pilot study Completed

 

Adenovirus (Telomelysin)

None

Pembrolizumab

Head and beck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)

NCT04685499

Phase II Recruiting

 

Vaccinia Virus (BT-001)

CTLA4 Antibody and GM-CSF

Pembrolizumab

Metastatic/advanced solid tumors

NCT04725331

Phase I/II Recruiting

 

Vaccinia Virus (TBio-6517)

None

Pembrolizumab

Triple negative breast cancer; Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer

NCT04301011

Phase I/IIa Recruiting

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (IMLYGIC)

GM-CSF

Pembrolizumab

Stage IIIB-IVM1d melanoma

NCT04068181

Phase II Active, Not Recruiting

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (IMLYGIC)

GM-CSF

Pembrolizumab + placebo

Unresectable stage IIIB–IVM1c melanoma (MEL)

NCT02263508

Phase Ib/III Terminated

 

Herpes Simplex Virus (ONCR-177)

None

Pembrolizumab

Melanoma; HNSCC; Breast cancer; Triple-negative breast cancer; Colorectal carcinoma; Nonmelanoma skin cancer

NCT04348916

Phase I Recruiting

 

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (OH2)

None

Pembrolizumab

Melanoma

NCT04386967

Phase I Recruiting

 

Maraba Virus (MG1-MAGEA3) + Ad MAGEA3)

MAGE-A3

Pembrolizumab

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)

NCT02879760

Phase I/II Completed

Immune checkpoint inhibitors

OVV-01

None

Pembrolizumab or atezolizumab

Advanced solid tumors

NCT04787003

Phase I Recruiting

Reovirus (REOLYSIN)

None

Pembrolizumab

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

NCT02620423

Phase Ib Completed

Coxsackie Virus (CAVATAK)

None

Pembrolizumab

NSCLC

NCT02824965

Phase I/II Active, not recruiting

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV-IFNβ-NIS)

IFNβ and the Sodium iodide symporter (NIS)

Pembrolizumab

Refractory NSCLC and HNSCC

NCT03647163

Phase I/II Recruiting

Vaccinia Viruses (Pexa-Vec)

GM-CSF

Ipilimumab

Metastatic/advanced solid tumors

NCT02977156

Phase I Recruiting

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (IMLYGIC)

GM-CSF

Ipilimumab + Nivolumab

Triple-negative or estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative localized breast cancer

NCT04185311 Phase I

Active, Not Recruiting

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HF10)

None

Ipilimumab

Unresectable or metastatic melanoma

NCT03153085

Phase II Completed

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HF10)

None

Ipilimumab

Unresectable or metastatic melanoma

NCT02272855

Phase II Completed

Coxsackievirus (CVA21)

None

Ipilimumab

Uveal melanoma metastases to liver

NCT03408587

Phase I b Completed

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (RP1)

None

Nivolumab

Advanced and/or refractory solid tumors

NCT03767348

Phase I/II Recruiting

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HF10)

None

Nivolumab

Resectable stage IIIB, IIIC, IVM1a melanoma

NCT03259425

Phase II Terminated with Results

Reovirus (REOLYSIN)

None

Nivolumab + carfilzomib+ dexamethasone

Recurrent plasma cell myeloma

NCT03605719

Phase I Recruiting

Reovirus (REOLYSIN)

None

Avelumab + paclitaxel

Breast cancer metastatic

NCT04215146

Phase II/III Recruiting

Poxvirus (JX-594)

GM-CSF and beta-galactosidase

Avelumab + metronomic cyclophosphamide

Sarcoma; Advanced breast cancer

NCT02630368

Phase II Recruiting

Adenovirus (LOAd703)

4-1BBL+CD40L

Atezolizumab

Pancreatic cancer

NCT02705196

Phase I/IIa Recruiting

Adenovirus (LOAd703)

4-1BBL+CD40L

Atezolizumab

Malignant melanoma

NCT04123470

Phase I/II Recruiting

Reovirus (REOLYSIN)

None

Atezolizumab

Early breast cancer

NCT04102618

Early Phase I Recruiting

Maraba Virus (MG1-E6E7)

Mutant HPV E6 and E7

Atezolizumab

HPV-associated cancers

NCT03618953

Phase I/Ib Active, Not Recruiting

OVV-01

None

Pembrolizumab or atezolizumab

Advanced solid tumors

NCT04787003

Phase I Recruiting

Adenovirus (VCN-01)

PH20

Durvalumab

R/M head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

 

Phase I Recruiting

Poxvirus (JX-594)

GM-CSF and beta-galactosidase

Durvalumab + tremelimumab

Refractory colorectal cancer

NCT03206073

Phase I/II Active, Not Recruiting

CAR T Cells

Adenovirus (CAdVEC)

None

HER2-CAR T

HER2 positive cancer

NCT03740256

Phase I Recruiting

Vaccinia Virus (VV.CXCL11)

CXCL11

Mesothelin-CAR T

Lung cancer

155

Preclinical Study

Adenovirus (OAd-TNFa-IL2)

TNF-α and IL-2

Mesothelin-CAR T

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

68

Vaccinia Virus (rTTVΔTK-IL21)

IL-21

CD19-CAR T

Lung cancer

68

Adenovirus (oAD-IL7)

IL-7

B7H3-CAR T

Glioblastoma

20

Adenovirus (Ad.sTbRFc)

sTGFβRIIFc (targeting TGFβ)

Mesothelin-CAR T

Breast cancer

20

Adenovirus (OAd-BiTE)

BiTE (targeting EGFR and CD3)

Folate receptor alpha (FR-α)-CAR T

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

20

Adenovirus (CAdTrio)

BiTE (targeting CD44v6 and CD3), PD-L1Ab, IL-12p70

HER2-CAR T

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; Squamous cell carcinoma

68

Chimeric Orthopoxvirus (OV19t)

CD19

CD19-CAR T

Breast cancer

68

Vaccinia Virus (mCD19 VV)

mCD19

mCD19-CAR T

Melanoma

68

Adenovirus (CAd-VECPDL1)

PD-L1 mini-body

HER2-CAR T

Prostate; squamous cell carcinoma

68

CAR NK

Vaccinia Virus (OV-ffLuc-CCL5)

CCL5

CCR5- NK

Colon cancer

68

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (OV-IL15C)

IL15/IL15Rα Sushi domain

EGFR-CAR NK

Glioblastoma

68

Adoptive TILs

Poxvirus (vvDD-IL2)

IL-2

TILs

Colon cancer

68