Table 2 Overview of clinical studies targeting inflammatory pathways in atherosclerosis
From: Inflammation and atherosclerosis: signaling pathways and therapeutic intervention
Agent | Target | Mechanism | Phase | NCT number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Canakinumab (ACZ885) | IL-1β | Monoclonal antibody targeting IL-1β | Phase 3 | NCT01327846 |
Anakinra | IL-1R | IL-1R blocker | Phase 2/3 | NCT01950299 |
Proleukin | IL-2 | Recombinant human IL-2 | Phase 1/2 | NCT03113773 |
Methotrexate | Unknown | Inhibits inflammatory cytokines production | Phase 2/3 | NCT00759811 |
Ziltivekimab | IL-6 | Monoclonal antibody targeting IL-6 | Phase 3 | NCT05021835 |
Tocilizumab | IL-6R | Monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor | Phase 3 | NCT04888221 |
Sarilumab | IL-6R | IL-6 receptor blocker | Phase 4 | NCT04350216 |
Etanercept | TNF | A dimeric fusion protein that inhibits the binding of both TNF-α and TNF-β to TNF receptors | Phase 4 | NCT02109289 |
Dapansutrile (OLT1177) | NLRP3 | NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor | Phase 1 | NCT03534297 |
Colchicine (LoDoCo2) | NLRP3 | NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor | Phase 4 | NCT05130892 |
Losmapimod | p38 MAPK | A selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK | Phase 3 | NCT02145468 |
Inclacumab | P-selectin | Monoclonal antibody targeting P-selectin | Phase 3 | NCT04927247 |
Darapladib (SB-480848) | Lp-PLA2 | An inhibitor of Lp-PLA2 | Phase 3 | NCT00799903 |
Varespladib (LY315920) | sPLA2 | a selective sPLA2 inhibitor | Phase 3 | NCT01130246 |
Metformin | Unknown | Limits oxidative stress by inhibiting mitochondrial complex I | Phase 2 | NCT03772964 |
Succinobucol (AGI-1067) | Unknown | An oxidative-inflammatory inhibitor | Phase 3 | NCT00066898 |
