Table 1 The application of clinical cholesterol-lowering interventions on ASCVD
Clinical intervention | Target | Clinical efficacy | Adverse effects |
|---|---|---|---|
Statins | HMGCR |  ↓ LDL-C, ↑ HDL-C | Myopathy |
Ezetimibe | NPC1L1 |  ↓ LDL-C, ↑ HDL-C, ↓TG | None |
PCSK9 inhibitors | PCSK9 |  ↓ LDL-C, ↑ HDL-C, ↓Lp(a) | Injection site reactions |
Bempedoic acid | ACLY |  ↓ LDL-C, ↑ HDL-C | Hyperuricaemia |
Bile acid sequestrants | Bile acids | ↓LDL-C, ↑ HDL-C | Gastrointestinal adverse reactions |
Lomitapide | MTP |  ↓ LDL-C, ↓ Lp(a), ↓TG | Gastrointestinal adverse reactions |
Evinacumab | ANGPTL3 |  ↓ LDL-C, ↓ TG | Injection site reactions, flu-like illness, headache, urinary tract infection and limb pain |
Fibrates | PPARα |  ↓ LDL-C, ↑ HDL-C, ↓TG | Gastrointestinal adverse reactions |
Lipoprotein apheresis | Plasma lipoprotein | ↓LDL-C, ↓ Lp(a), ↓TG | None |
