Fig. 2
From: The evolving view of thermogenic fat and its implications in cancer and metabolic diseases
The multiple roles of thermogenic adipocytes in metabolic homeostasis. Thermogenic fat is generally considered a metabolic sink for glucose, lipid, and BCAAs. In addition, brown or beige adipocytes have an impact on neighbor cells by secreting batokines. Moreover, thermogenic adipose tissue is also recognized as an endocrine organ, regulating the gene expression or functions in distant organs, such as the heart, liver, muscle, and brain. BCAA branched-chain amino acids, LNAA the large neutral amino acid transporter, FA fatty acid FATP fatty acid transport protein, NE norepinephrine, β3-AR β3-adrenergic receptor, PKA protein kinase A, HSL hormone-sensitive lipase, LD lipid droplet, TCA tricarboxylic acid, UCP1 uncoupling protein 1, PRDM16 PR domain containing 16, GLUT1/4 glucose transporter 1/4, FGF21 fibroblast growth factor-21, NRG4 neuregulin 4, PLTP phospholipid transfer protein, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, Metrnl meteorin-like hormone, NT-3 neurotrophin 3. This figure was created on BioRender.com with permission for publication
