Table. 2 Current clinical trials targeting activation or inhibition of thermogenic fat in humans

From: The evolving view of thermogenic fat and its implications in cancer and metabolic diseases

Type of therapy

Pharmacologic agent

Study participants

Phase

Status

Trials ID

Pro-browning

 β3-AR agonist

Mirabegron

Healthy volunteers

I

Recruiting

NCT01950520

Mirabegron

Healthy volunteers

Not applicable

Completed

NCT02811289

Mirabegron

Healthy volunteers

I

Recruiting

NCT03049462

Mirabegron

Healthy volunteers

I/II

Not yet recruiting

NCT04766021

Mirabegron

Healthy volunteers

Not applicable

Recruiting

NCT04823442

Mirabegron

Healthy volunteers

II

Completed

NCT01783470

Mirabegron

People with obesity

I

Completed

NCT02919176

Ephedrine

Healthy volunteers

Not applicable

Completed

NCT01015794

Ephedrine and caffeine

People with obesity

III

Completed

NCT02048215

Ephedrine and pioglitazone

Healthy volunteers

Not applicable

Recruiting

NCT02236962

 Thyroid hormones

Levothyroxine

Patients with thyroidectomy

Not applicable

Completed

NCT02499471

Levothyroxine

Healthy volunteers

IV

Recruiting

NCT01379170

Liothyronine

Patients with insulin receptor mutation

II

Completed

NCT02457897

 Capsaicinoids

Capsinoids

Healthy volunteers

Not applicable

Not yet recruiting

NCT02964442

Capsinoids

People with obesity

Not applicable

Completed

NCT03110809

Capsinoids

Healthy volunteers

Not applicable

Completed

NCT01961674

 GLP1

Liraglutide

People with obesity

III

Not yet recruiting

NCT02718950

Liraglutide

People with T2DM

IV

Terminated

NCT01638260

Liraglutide

People with obesity

III

Not yet recruiting

NCT02718950

Bydureon

Healthy volunteers

IV

Recruiting

NCT03002675

Bydureon

People with obesity

III

Completed

NCT00856609

Sitagliptin

People with impaired glucose tolerance

IV

Completed

NCT02294084

 Other agents

Bromocriptine

Healthy volunteers

Not applicable

Completed

NCT02428933

Nicotinic acid

People with T2DM or not

Not applicable

Recruiting

NCT05092945

Creatine

People with a vegetarian diet

Not applicable

Completed

NCT04086381

L-arginine

People with impaired glucose tolerance

III

Recruiting

NCT02291458

Adenosine

Healthy volunteers

Not applicable

Completed

NCT03327168

Fluvastatin

Healthy volunteers

IV

Completed

NCT03189511

Niagen

Healthy volunteers

Not applicable

Completed

NCT02835664

Anti-browning

 Anti-thyroid drug

CMZ or TMZ

Patients with Graves’ disease

Not applicable

Not yet recruiting

NCT03064542

 Glucocorticoids β3-AR blocker

Prednisone

Healthy volunteers

IV

Completed

NCT03269747

Propranolol

Healthy volunteers

Not applicable

Completed

NCT01791114

Propranolol

People with hyperthyroidism

IV

Completed

NCT03379181

Propranolol

Healthy volunteers

II

Recruiting

NCT01950520

  1. β3-AR β3-adrenergic receptor, GLP1 glucagon-like peptide 1, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, CMZ carbimazole, TMZ thiamazole, Niagen nicotinamide riboside.