Table. 2 Current clinical trials targeting activation or inhibition of thermogenic fat in humans
From: The evolving view of thermogenic fat and its implications in cancer and metabolic diseases
Type of therapy | Pharmacologic agent | Study participants | Phase | Status | Trials ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pro-browning | |||||
 β3-AR agonist | Mirabegron | Healthy volunteers | I | Recruiting | NCT01950520 |
Mirabegron | Healthy volunteers | Not applicable | Completed | NCT02811289 | |
Mirabegron | Healthy volunteers | I | Recruiting | NCT03049462 | |
Mirabegron | Healthy volunteers | I/II | Not yet recruiting | NCT04766021 | |
Mirabegron | Healthy volunteers | Not applicable | Recruiting | NCT04823442 | |
Mirabegron | Healthy volunteers | II | Completed | NCT01783470 | |
Mirabegron | People with obesity | I | Completed | NCT02919176 | |
Ephedrine | Healthy volunteers | Not applicable | Completed | NCT01015794 | |
Ephedrine and caffeine | People with obesity | III | Completed | NCT02048215 | |
Ephedrine and pioglitazone | Healthy volunteers | Not applicable | Recruiting | NCT02236962 | |
 Thyroid hormones | Levothyroxine | Patients with thyroidectomy | Not applicable | Completed | NCT02499471 |
Levothyroxine | Healthy volunteers | IV | Recruiting | NCT01379170 | |
Liothyronine | Patients with insulin receptor mutation | II | Completed | NCT02457897 | |
 Capsaicinoids | Capsinoids | Healthy volunteers | Not applicable | Not yet recruiting | NCT02964442 |
Capsinoids | People with obesity | Not applicable | Completed | NCT03110809 | |
Capsinoids | Healthy volunteers | Not applicable | Completed | NCT01961674 | |
 GLP1 | Liraglutide | People with obesity | III | Not yet recruiting | NCT02718950 |
Liraglutide | People with T2DM | IV | Terminated | NCT01638260 | |
Liraglutide | People with obesity | III | Not yet recruiting | NCT02718950 | |
Bydureon | Healthy volunteers | IV | Recruiting | NCT03002675 | |
Bydureon | People with obesity | III | Completed | NCT00856609 | |
Sitagliptin | People with impaired glucose tolerance | IV | Completed | NCT02294084 | |
 Other agents | Bromocriptine | Healthy volunteers | Not applicable | Completed | NCT02428933 |
Nicotinic acid | People with T2DM or not | Not applicable | Recruiting | NCT05092945 | |
Creatine | People with a vegetarian diet | Not applicable | Completed | NCT04086381 | |
L-arginine | People with impaired glucose tolerance | III | Recruiting | NCT02291458 | |
Adenosine | Healthy volunteers | Not applicable | Completed | NCT03327168 | |
Fluvastatin | Healthy volunteers | IV | Completed | NCT03189511 | |
Niagen | Healthy volunteers | Not applicable | Completed | NCT02835664 | |
Anti-browning | |||||
 Anti-thyroid drug | CMZ or TMZ | Patients with Graves’ disease | Not applicable | Not yet recruiting | NCT03064542 |
 Glucocorticoids β3-AR blocker | Prednisone | Healthy volunteers | IV | Completed | NCT03269747 |
Propranolol | Healthy volunteers | Not applicable | Completed | NCT01791114 | |
Propranolol | People with hyperthyroidism | IV | Completed | NCT03379181 | |
Propranolol | Healthy volunteers | II | Recruiting | NCT01950520 | |