Fig. 4

Overview of the roles of SIRTs in oxidative stress. a The overall roles of SIRTs in regulating cellular oxidative stress. The effect of SIRTs on oxidative stress is mainly via affecting the following proteins, mainly including Nrf2, FOXOs and SOD. SIRT1 and SIRT6 could indirectly affecting Nrf2 signaling, thereby regulating oxidative stress. SIRT3 activates FOXO3, which leads to increasement of MnSOD, allowing for the elimination of ROS. In addition, SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT6 could upregulate the expression of SOD, then reducing the ROS and inhibiting the oxidative stress; (b) The regulatory effects of SIRTs on main proteins in oxidative stress. SIRT1 downregulation by NF-κB leads to oxidative stress. Moreover, SIRT3 regulates ROS generation, causing suppression of NF-κB activation, and SIRT6 reduces NF-kB activation and represses oxidative stress. c The roles of SIRTs in regulation of transcription factors. SIRT1 increases the expression of FOXO1, reducing the production of ROS and oxidative stress. SIRT1 inhibits oxidative stress by deacetylating P53 protein. Besides, SIRT1 could activate PGC-1α and alleviate oxidative stress injury. d The proteins less studied that activate or inhibit SIRT1. Activation and inhibition effects are displayed in green and red arrows, respectively. https://biorender.com. AT1 angiotensin type 1, ATF6 activating transcription factor 6, Bach1 BTB domain and CNC homolog 1, BIP binding immunoglobulin protein, CD36 cluster of differentiation 36, CHOP C/EBP-homologous protein, CoQ10 coenzyme Q10, COX2 cyclooxygenase-2, CPEB-1 cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1, DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, DRG2 GTP-binding protein 2, FASTK Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase, FNDC5 fibronectin type III domain-containing 5, GCN5 general control non-repressed protein 5, GDF11 Growth differentiation factor 11, Hcy homocysteine, hnRNP heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F, HO-1 heme oxygenase 1, Keap-1 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, LOX-1 lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1, Lsd lysine-specific demethylase 1, MIF migration inhibitory factor, MPO myeloperoxidase, NEU1 neuraminidase 1, NRLP3 NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3, OGG-1 BER enzyme 8oxoG DNA glycosylase I, PDGFR-α platelet derived growth factor receptor α, PGAM2 glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase 2, PRMT protein arginine methyltransferase, α-SMA smooth muscle alpha actin, TIGAR TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator, timp-1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, TOPK T‑lymphokine‑activated killer cell‑originated protein kinase, UCP2 uncoupling protein 2, Wt1 Wilms' tumor 1, Wt2 Wilms' tumor 2