Fig. 5
From: Signaling pathways in brain tumors and therapeutic interventions
Signaling pathways involved in CNS germinomas pathogenesis and potential molecular targeted therapy. KIT and RAS mutations are the most frequent genes in CNS germinomas. Gain of function mutations of KIT proto-oncogene leads to the KIT protein activation, leading to the upregulation of MAPK or PI3K signaling pathway, which implicated tumor proliferation, migration, and apoptosis resistance. In addition, upregulated PI3K pathway causes a frequent mutation of the mTOR gene, which leads to cell growth via mTOR1 mutation and cell survival via mTOR2 mutation and AKT. Created with BioRender.com (https://biorender.com) and Reactome pathway database (https://reactome.org/)
