Fig. 4

Tamoxifen ameliorated NAFLD in HFD-induced model. a Dosing scheme of tamoxifen on male C57BL/6 mice fed with high-fat diets for 20 weeks. Dose of tamoxifen: 100 mg/kg. b Liver sections from tamoxifen group and vehicle group in mice fed with high fat diets were performed H&E, ORO, F4/80 IF, and PSR staining. Mice fed with normal diets and administrated with vehicle were as controls. H&E fat cavitation area, ORO staining area, F4/80 positive cells percentage and PSR staining area were quantitatively compared. Scale bar:100 μm. c Serum analysis of ALT, AST, TC, TG, and LDL in high fat diets-induced mice administrated with tamoxifen or vehicle. Mice fed with normal diets and administrated with vehicle were as controls. d GTT experiment was performed on control mice or high fat diets-induced mice administrated with tamoxifen or vehicle and area under curve was quantitatively compared. e ITT experiment was performed on control mice or high fat diets-induced mice administrated with tamoxifen or vehicle and area under curve was quantitatively compared. f Hepatic TG levels were examined and normalized by protein levels. g RNA was extracted from isolated hepatocytes of control mice or high fat diets-induced mice administrated with tamoxifen or vehicle and expression of lipogenic genes was determined by RT-qPCR with β-actin as an internal control. h Dosing scheme of oral tamoxifen administration on male C57BL/6 mice fed with high-fat diets for 20 weeks. Dose of tamoxifen: 100 mg/kg. i Male C57BL/6 mice fed with high-fat diets for 20 weeks were administrated with 100 mg/kg tamoxifen intraperitoneally for 2 weeks and ceased treatment for 2 or 4 weeks. j Liver sections from male HFD-induced mice administrated with tamoxifen or vehicle orally for 2 weeks were performed H&E and ORO staining and H&E fat cavitation area, and ORO staining area was quantitatively compared. Scale bar:100 μm. k Hepatic TG levels were examined and normalized by protein levels. l GTT and ITT experiments were performed on male HFD-induced mice administrated with tamoxifen or vehicle orally for 2 weeks and area under curve was quantitatively compared. m Liver sections from male HFD-induced mice administrated with tamoxifen or vehicle for 2 weeks and ceased tamoxifen treatment for 2 or 4 weeks were performed H&E and ORO staining and H&E fat cavitation area and ORO staining area was quantitatively compared. Scale bar: 100 μm. n Hepatic TG levels were examined and normalized by protein levels. Bars = means ± SD; n = 3 to 6; ns, no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001