Fig. 4
RNF5 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by targeting the E protein for degradation. a–d RNF5 knockout in Caco2 cells increased viral replication measured by determining mRNA levels of the N and E genes in cells a and in culture supernatants b, and viral titers in culture supernatants c, and the levels of N and M proteins d. Caco2 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 for 48 h were used to determine viral replication by RT-qPCR or IB analysis. e–h Overexpression of RNF5 but not the RNF5C42S mutant in Vero-E6 cells reduced viral replication. Vero-E6 cells overexpressing RNF5 WT or the RNF5C42S mutant were infected with SARS-CoV-2 for 48 h, and viral replication in cells was determined by RT-qPCR e, and in culture supernatants f, viral titers g or IB analysis h. Statistical significance was analyzed using two-sided unpaired t-tests (NS, no significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001)
