Fig. 7
From: Tumor heterogeneity in VHL drives metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Paracrine action of POSTN in the collaborative metastasis model between VHL- and VHL + cells. a A summary of the pro-metastatic paracrine functions mediated by POSTN. b The cooperative metastatic mechanism uncovered paracrine-promoting interactions between VHL-KO and VHL-WT cells, mediated by POSTN, at the tumor proper and the intravasation step (1) of the metastatic cascade. The potential impact of the cooperative metastatic mechanism on downstream steps of the cascade, such as cell survival in the circulation (step 2), and metastatic colonization (step 3) requires further investigation
