Table 2 Clinical trials and FDA-approved targeted drugs
From: Activation of immune signals during organ transplantation
Target | Drugs | Mechanism | Drug type | Indication | Research status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DNA | Azathioprine | Inhibition of DNA synthesis | Small molecule | Kidney, heart, liver, lung transplantation | GP |
Calcineurin | Tacrolimus Cyclosporine | calcineurin inhibitor | Small molecule | Organ transplantation | GP |
mTOR | Sirolimus | mTOR inhibitor | Small molecule | Kidney transplantation | GP |
mTORC1mTORC2 | Everolimus | mTORC1, mTORC2 inhibitor | Small molecule | Kidney, heart, liver transplantation | GP |
Cytokines | Deoxyspergualin hydrochloride | Cytokines inhibitor | Small molecule | Kidney transplantation | GP |
GR | Prednisolone Meprednisone | GR stimulant | Small molecule | Organ transplantation | GP |
IMPDH | MPS, MFF, Mizoribine | IMPDH inhibitor | Small molecule | Kidney, heart, liver, lung transplantation | GP |
CD86 CD80 | Belatacept | CD86, CD80 inhibitor | Fusion protein | Kidney transplantation Lung transplantation | GP Stage II |
IL-12, STAT4,SSTR4, LPAAT | Lisofylline | IL-12, STAT4, SSTR4, LPAAT inhibitor | Small molecule | Organ transplantation | Stage III |
EDG1 | Mocravimod dihydrochloride | EDG1 inhibitor | Small molecule | Organ transplantation | Stage II |
PPARα PPARγ | Saroglitazar | PPARα, PPARγ agonist | Small molecule | Liver transplantation | Stage II |
CXCR1 CXCR2 | Reparixin | CXCR1,CXCR2 antagonist | Small molecule | Liver transplantation | Stage II |
Cysteine proteinase | Imlifidase | Cysteine protease stimulant | Synthetic peptide | Kidney transplantation Organ transplantation | GP PMA |
T cells | ATG-Fresenius S | Immunosuppression | Ig | Organ transplantation | GP |
Thymic lymphocytes | ATG | Immunosuppression | Ig | Organ transplantation | GP |
CD20 | Rituximab | CD20 inhibitor | mAb | Kidney, liver transplantation | GP |
CD3 | Muromonab-CD3 | CD3 inhibitor | mAb | Liver, heart transplantation | GP |
CD5 | Olendalizumab | CD5 inhibitor | mAb | Organ transplantation | Stage II |
CD19 | Inebilizumab-cdon | CD19 inhibitor | mAb | Kidney transplantation | Stage II |
CD40 | Bleselumab Iscalimab | CD40 inhibitor | mAb | Organ transplantation | Stage II |
CD40L | Tegoprubart | CD40L inhibitor | mAb | Organ transplantation | Stage II |
CD28 | Lulizumab pegol | CD28 inhibitor | mAb | Kidney transplantation | Stage I/II |
CD38 | Isatuximab-IRFC | CD38 inhibitor | mAb | Kidney transplantation | Stage I/II |
IL2RA | Basiliximab,Daclizumab | IL2RA inhibitor | mAb | Organ transplantation | GP |
IL-6 | Clazakizumab | IL-6 inhibitor | mAb | Kidney transplantation | Stage III |
IL-18 | GSK-1070806 | IL-18 inhibitor | mAb | DGF | Stage II |
IFN-γ | Emapalumab-LZSG | IFN-γinhibitor | mAb | Organ transplantation | Stage II |
ITGAL | Odulimomab | ITGAL antagonist | mAb | Kidney transplantation | GP |
BLyS | Belimumab | BLyS inhibitor | mAb | Kidney transplantation GVHD | Stage II Stage I |
C1s | BIVV-020 | C1s inhibitor | Small molecule | Kidney transplantation | Stage II |
C3 | Pegcetacoplan | C3 inhibitor | Synthetic peptide | Kidney transplantation | Stage I |
HLA-A2 | TX-200 QEL-001 | HLA-A2 inhibito | CAR-T | Organ transplantation Liver transplantation | Stage II Stage I/II |
