Table 7 Vaccines based on influenza virus vector
Pathogens | Design strategy | Stage | Results | Advantages | Overall concerns | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SARS-CoV-2 | HA-RBD-M2 | Mice | Protected from the disease and detectable viral replication | Broad spectrum neutralizing activity; local and systematic immunity | Instability of the inserted gene maintenance | |
HA-RBD | Mice | Protected from the disease and detectable viral replication | Protect against both SARS-CoV-2 and IAV | Instability of the inserted gene maintenance | ||
CA4-dNS1-nCoV-RBD (dNS1-RBD) | Hamsters | Protected from the disease and detectable viral replication | Rapid, long term, and broad-spectrum protection; innate and adaptive local immune responses | Weaker responses in circulation | ||
Phase I/II | Well tolerated | <20% vaccine-related adverse reactions | T-cell, humoral and mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 were weak in recipients; cross-contamination | |||
Phase III | 100% protection against hospitalization | 55% and 82% protection for people without/with immunization history | \ | Unpublished | ||
IFV | Live attenuated (FluMist) | Phase III | 78–100% protection | Low level of NAbs but provide effectively protection | \ | |
Chimeric IBV-HA(IAV) | Mice | 100% protection | Cold adaption; attenuated; systemic and local immune response | Poor binding IgGs | ||
RSV | HA-F243-294 | Mice | Protected from the disease and detectable viral replication | Single dose; no ADE effect | Poor NAbs | |
WNV | NA-DIII | Mice | Humoral and cellular immunity | \ | \ |
