Table 4 Main studies on microRNAs in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)/intermittent hypoxia (IH)
From: Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
MiRNA name | Expression in IH | Target gene | Original source | Quantification approach | Main findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
miR-26b-5p | Up | Unknown | Rat hippocampus | miRNA microarray and qRT‒PCR | miR-26b-5p and miR-207 could be involved in cognitive impairments | Gao et al. (2017)469 |
miR-207 | Down | |||||
miR-155 | Up | FOXO3a | Renal tissue and HK‐2 cells | RT‒qPCR | miR‐155 might be a positive regulator of the NLRP3 pathway to enhance renal injury | Wu et al. (2018)470 |
miR-664a-3p | Down | Unknown | Serum of OSAS patients | qRT‒PCR | Negative correlation of miR-664a-3p expression with AHI and maximum carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and positive correlation with the lowest oxygen saturation (LOS); miR-664a-3p as a candidate biomarker of atherosclerosis in OSAS | Li et al. (2018)473 |
miR-199-3p | Down | Unknown | Serum of OSAS patients | LNA oligonucleotide microarrays and qRT‒PCR | Involved in hypoxia, metabolism, and oxidative stress | Li et al. (2017)474 |
miR-107 | ||||||
miR-485-5p | Up | |||||
miR-574-5p | ||||||
miR-130a | Up | GAX | Blood of OSAS patients; human umbilical vein endothelial cells | qRT‒PCR | miR-130a may contribute to the development of OSAS-associated pulmonary hypertension by downregulating the expression of GAX | An et al. (2017)684 |
miR-365 | Down | IL-6 | Hepatocyte, stellate cell, and macrophage cell lines; serum of OSAS patients | qRT‒PCR | miR-365 acts as an important trigger for the production of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of macrophages in OSAS patients | Schaefer et al. (2017)685 |
miR-185 | Down | CoLA1 | Lung tissue of dogs; COPD lung tissue; human primary pulmonary cells | qRT‒PCR | OSAS could inhibit miR-185 and promote CoLA1 expression leading to lung remodeling | Ding et al. (2016)686 |
miR-34a-5p | Up | Bcl-2 | Human coronary artery endothelial cells | qRT‒PCR | miR‐34a‐5p activated beclin-1 through Bcl‐2 inhibition in IH and participated in IH-induced endothelial cell autophagy | Lv et al. (2019)687 |
miR-630 | Down | Nrf2, AMP kinase, and tight junction pathways | Plasma of pediatric OSAS patients and human microvascular endothelial cells | miRNA microarrays and qRT‒PCR | miRNA-630 as a putative key mediator of endothelial dysfunction in children with underlying OSAS | Khalyfa et al. (2019)688 |
miR-145 | Down | Smad3 | Canines; human aortic tissue; vascular smooth muscle cells from rats | qRT‒PCR | OSAS could activate the miR-145/Smad3 signaling pathway to promote aortic fibrosis, apoptosis and sympathetic nerve sprouting, which cause aortic structural and autonomic remodeling | Yu et al. (2017)689 |
miR-146a-5p | Up | XIAP | H9c2 cells | qRT‒PCR | miR-146a-5p could aggravate IH-induced H9c2 cell injury by attenuating H9c2 viability and promoting its apoptosis by targeting XIAP | Lin et al. (2019)690 |
miR-30a | Up | Beclin-1 | Mouse endothelial cells | RT‒qPCR | Upregulated miR-30a significantly reduced beclin-1 levels to attenuate endothelial cell autophagy in vitro and in vivo, which aggravated IH-induced endothelial cell injury | Bi et al. (2019)691 |
miR-31 | Up | PKCε | H9c2 neonatal cardiomyocytes | qRT‒PCR | Upregulation of miR-31 decreased the mRNA and protein expression of PKCε to promote myocardial hypertrophy | Ren et al. (2018)692 |
miR-224-5p | Down | NLRP3 | Mouse brain tissues and microglial BV2 mouse cells | qRT‒PCR | miR-224-5p reduces microglial inflammatory activation by regulating NLRP3 expression | Du et al. (2020)481 |
miR-218 | Up | Robo1 | Mice aortic endothelial cells | qRT‒PCR | Upregulated expression of miR-218 promotes IH-induced apoptosis in aortic endothelial cells targeting Robo1 | Liu et al. (2017)693 |
miR-203 | Down | SELENOP HIP/PAP | Human hepatocytes | qRT‒PCR | IH upregulated the levels of SELENOP in human hepatocytes to potentiate insulin resistance and upregulated the levels of HIP/PAP mRNAs to promote cell proliferation via a miR-203-mediated mechanism. | Uchiyama et al. (2017)694 |
miR-452 | Down | RETN, TNF-α, and CCL2 | Mouse adipocytes and human liposarcoma adipocytes | qRT‒PCR | IH downregulated miR-452, resulting in increased levels of RETN, TNFα, and CCL2, leading to insulin resistance | Uchiyama et al. (2019)695 |
miR-126a-3p | Down | HIF-1a | The blood, heart tissues, and abdominal aortas of rats; rat aortic smooth muscle cells | qRT‒PCR | IH decreased miR-126a-3p levels and increased HIF-1α expression, which promoted hypertension in the OSAS rat model | He et al. (2020)696 |
miR-320b | Down | USP37 | Lung cancer tissues and lung cancer cells | qRT‒PCR | IH-induced miR-320b downregulation promoted the proliferation and invasion capabilities of lung cancer cells through a USP37-mediated mechanism | Li et al. (2021)697 |
miR-21 | Up | Spry1/ERK/MMP-9, PTEN/PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways | Rat atrial tissues | RT‒qPCR | IH-induced upregulation of miR-21 expression promotes atrial remodeling and fibrosis | Zhang et al. (2018)698 |
miR-214-3p | Up | CTRP9 | Cardiac tissue of IH mice | qRT‒PCR | Myocardial infarction + IH upregulated miR-214-3p, inhibited cardiac CTRP9 expression and exacerbated cardiac remodeling and heart failure | Du et al. (2020)699 |
miR-1249 miR-193 miR-218 miR-30B | Up | Unknown | Mouse aortic endothelial cell | qRT‒PCR | Different miRNA expression patterns could be induced by IH, in which downregulation of miR-193 was associated with the expression of autophagy- and apoptosis-related genes. | Liu et al. (2018)468 |
miR-16 miR-718 | Down |
