Fig. 4

Broad upregulation of the B-cell responses in the TME of EBV (+) GC. a UMAP visualization of 14,706 B cells identifying 16 subpopulations. b Stacked violin plot showing the marker genes expression of major B-cell subpopulations. c Heatmap showing four indexes of each B-cell subpopulation. EBV (+) Ro/e showing EBV positive preferences of B-cell subpopulations estimated by Ro/e score. Center number indicates the Ro/e value. SDI Shannon diversity index, Pi predictive index, Ti therapeutic index. d Counts for BCRs identified in GC patients treated with immunochemotherapy. Both the IgH and IgL are evaluated with different treatment stages as shown. e mIHC staining in representative EBV (+) and EBV (−) GC samples for the following markers: CD8, CD4, CD19 and DAPI. A dashed box represents the 40× enlarged area shown in the right panels. Red arrows point to TLSs. Scale bar, 2 mm (left) or 50 μm (right). f and g GSVA scores of TLS and GC signatures in our single-cell RNA-seq dataset and TCGA, ACRG and Yonsei cohort. The horizontal line shows the median, the box comprises interquartile range and the whiskers extend to 5th and 95th percentiles. P values were calculated by two-sided Wilcoxon test