Table 2 Representative smart nanoparticles that have been clinically approved for cancer diagnosis and treatment
Name | Particle type/drug | Approved application/indication | Approval (year) | Investigated application/indication |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Doxil Caelyx (Janssen) | Liposomal doxorubicin (PEGylated) | Ovarian cancer (secondary to platinum based therapies) HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma (secondary to chemotherapy) Multiple myeloma (secondary) | FDA (1995) EMA (1996) | Various cancers including: solid malignancies, ovarian, breast, leukemia, lymphomas, prostate, metastatic, or liver |
DaunoXome (Galen) | Liposomal daunorubicin (non-PEGylated) | HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma (primary) | FDA (1996) | Various leukemias |
Myocet (Teva UK) | Liposomal doxorubicin (non-PEGylated) | Treatment of metastatic breast cancer (primary) | EMA (2000) | Various cancers including: breast, lymphoma, or ovarian |
Abraxane (Celgene) | Albumin-particle bound Paclitaxel | Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (surgery or radiation is not an option) Metastatic breast cancer (secondary) Metastatic pancreatic cancer (primary) | FDA (2005) EMA (2008) | Various cancers including: solid malignancies, breast, lymphomas, bladder, lung, pancreatic, head and neck, prostate, melanoma, or liver |
Marqibo (Spectrum) | Liposomal vincristine (non-PEGylated) | Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (tertiary) | FDA (2012) | Various cancers including: lymphoma, brain, leukemia, or melanoma |
MEPACT (Millennium) | Liposomal mifamurtide (non-PEGylated) | Treatment for osteosarcoma (primary following surgery) | EMA (2009) | Osteosarcomas |
Onivyde MM-398 (Merrimack) | Liposomal irinotecan (PEGylated) | Metastatic pancreatic cancer (secondary) | FDA (2015) | Various cancers including: solid malignancies, breast, pancreatic, sarcomas, or brain |
Vyxeos CPX-351 (Jazz Pharmaceuticals) | Liposomal formulation of cytarabine: daunorubicin (5:1 M ratio) | Acute myeloid leukemia | FDA (2017) EMA (2018) | Various leukemias |
Nbtxr3 Hensify (Nanobiotix) | Hafnium oxide nanoparticles stimulated with external radiation to enhance tumor cell death via electron production | Locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma | CE (Conformité Européene) Mark (2019) | Locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma |
Feraheme (AMAG) Rienso (Takeda) Ferumoxytol | Iron polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethyl ether colloid | Iron deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease | FDA (2009) | Iron deficient anemia Imaging: brain metastases, lymph node metastases, neuroinflammation in epilepsy, head and neck cancer, myocardial infarction, or multiple sclerosis |
Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging) | Perflutren lipid microspheres | Ultrasound contrast agent | FDA (2001) | Ultrasound enhancement for: liver or breast or intraocular or pancreatic tumors, pulmonary diseases, heart function, transcranial injuries, strokes, or liver cirrhosis |
NanoTherm (Magforce Nanotech AG) | Amino silane-coated iron oxide NPs in magnetite form | Local ablation in glioblastoma | EMA (2010) | Thermal ablation, hyperthermia therapy. Local ablation in glioblastoma |
Sienna (Endomagnetics Ltd) | Carboxydextran coated iron oxide NPs | Detection of cancerous sentinel lymphnodes in breast cancer; rectal cancer | EMA (2011) | Detection of cancerous sentinel lymphnodes in breast cancer; Rectal cancer |
Venofer (AmericanRegent) | Iron sucrose colloid | Epithelial ovarian cancer; Gynecologic cancer; the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in adult patients with chronic kidney disease | FDA (2010) | Anemia; Pregnancy; Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; Chronic heart failure; Inflammatory bowel disease; Postpartum anemia; Surgical intervention; Hip fracture; Hematological malignancies; Renal failure; Restless legs syndrome; Perioperative blood conservation; Colorectal neoplasm; Puerperal disorders; Critical illness; Hypertension; Premature birth |
Injectafter Ferinject (Vifor) | Iron carboxymaltose colloid | Iron deficiency anemia in pancreatic cancer; cancer and chemotherapy related anemia; metastatic colorectal cancer; solid cancer metastatic disease | FDA (2013) | Fibromyalgia; Heart failure; Restless legs syndrome; Postoperative anemia; CKD; Colorectal neoplasm; Inflammatory bowel disease; Thrombocytosis; Postpartum anemia; Diabetes mellitus |
