Fig. 1 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Transcriptional co-activators: emerging roles in signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets for diseases

Fig. 1

Transcriptional co-activators: history and classification based on mechanism of action. a Historical timeline of key events in significant developments of co-activators. b Transcriptional co-activators employ diverse mechanistic approaches to augment transcription of target genes. (I) The first class of transcriptional co-activators comprise the proteins that induce posttranslational changes like histone acetylation, methylation and ubiquitination to facilitate euchromatinization and accelerated transcription. (II) The second class facilitates transcription through its ATP-dependent motor activities that induce DNA unwinding activities. (III) This class of co-activators promotes transcription augmentation by enabling the recruitment of RNA polymerase II on the transcriptional machinery. (IV) The final class consists of the secondary co-activators that enhance transcription by serving as scaffolds for the recruitment of other co-regulators. Co-A Co-activator, TBP TATA-box binding protein, Pol polymerase, TF transcription factor, SRC-1 steroid receptor co-activator 1, HDAC histone deacetylase, HMT histone methyltransferase, HAT histone acetyltransferase, UTF1 undifferentiated embryonic cell transcription factor 1. This figure was created using BioRender (https://biorender.com/)

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