Table 2 The summary of COVID-19 vaccines in clinical study
Platform | Type of candidate vaccine | Developers | Number of doses | Route of administration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
RNA-based vaccine | RVM-V001 | RVAC Medicines | 1 | IM |
LNP-nCoVsaRNA | Imperial College London | 2 | IM | |
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (ARCoV) | Academy of Military Science (AMS), Walvax Biotechnology and Suzhou Abogen Biosciences | 2 | IM | |
ChulaCov19 mRNA vaccine | Chulalongkorn University | 2 | IM | |
PTX-COVID19-B, mRNA vaccine | Providence Therapeutics | 2 | IM | |
CoV2 SAM (LNP) vaccine. A self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform + Spike antigen | GlaxoSmithKline | 2 | IM | |
mRNA-1273.351 | Moderna + National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) | 3 | IM | |
mRNA-1273.529-Booster | ModernaTX, Inc. | 1 | IM | |
MV-014-212 | Meissa Vaccines, Inc. | 1 | IN | |
DS-5670a, coronavirus-modified uridine RNA vaccine (SARS-CoV-2) | Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. | 2 | IM | |
HDT-301 | SENAI CIMATEC | 2 | IM | |
mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (SW-BIC-213) | Shanghai East Hospital and Stemirna Therapeutics | 2 | IM | |
LNP-nCOV saRNA-02 vaccine | MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit | 2 | IM | |
ARCT-165 mRNA Vaccine | Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc. | 2 | IM | |
ARCT-021 mRNA Vaccine | IM Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc. | 2 | IM | |
HDT-301 vaccine | HDT Bio | 1-2 | IM | |
VLPCOV-01, self-amplifying RNA vaccine against the coronavirus | VLP Therapeutics Japan GK | 2 | IM | |
EG-COVID vaccine | EyeGene Inc. | 3 | IM | |
Coronavirus mRNA vaccine (LVRNA009) | AIM Vaccine and Liverna Therapeutics | 2 | IM | |
CV2CoV, mRNA vaccine | CureVac AG | 1 | IM | |
mRNA vaccine (MIPSCo-mRNA-RBD-1) | University of Melbourne | 1 | IM | |
COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine (SYS6006) | CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. | 2 | IM | |
Lyophilized COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine | Wuhan Recogen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | 1 | IM | |
A self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) boost vaccines (AAHI-SC2 and AAHI-SC3) | ImmunityBio, Inc. | 1 | IM | |
mRNA-1073; (COVID-19/Influenza) Vaccine | Moderna TX. | 2 | IM | |
ABO1009-DP (COVID-19 Omicron) mRNA Vaccine | Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd. | 1 | IM | |
Investigational CV0501 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine | GlaxoSmithKline | 1 | IM | |
GLB-COV2-043, an mRNA booster vaccine candidate | GreenLight Biosciences, Inc. | 1 | IM | |
JCXH-221, an mRNA-based | Immorna Biotherapeutics, Inc. | 1 | IM | |
mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine (COReNAPCIN) | ReNAP Technology | 1 | IM | |
DNA-based vaccine | INO-4800+electroporation | Inovio Pharmaceuticals + International Vaccine Institute + Advaccine (Suzhou) Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd | 2 | ID |
AG0301-COVID19 | AnGes + Takara Bio + Osaka University | 2 | IM | |
GX-19N | Genexine Consortium | 2 | IM | |
Covigenix VAX-001 - DNA vaccines + proteo-lipid vehicle (PLV) formulation | Entos Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 2 | IM | |
CORVax12 - Spike (S) Protein Plasmid DNA Vaccine | OncoSec Immunotherapies; Providence Health & Services | 2 | ID | |
bacTRL-Spike oral DNA vaccine | Symvivo Corporation | 1 | Oral | |
GLS-5310 | GeneOne Life Science, Inc. | 2 | ID | |
COVIGEN | University of Sydney, Bionet Co., Ltd; Technovalia | 2 | ID, IM | |
COVID-eVax, a candidate plasmid DNA vaccine of the Spike protein | Takis + Rottapharm Biotech | 2 | IM, IM + electroporation | |
SC-Ad6-1, Adneviral vector vaccine | Tetherex Pharmaceuticals Corporation | 1-2 | IM | |
AG0302-COVID19 | AnGes, Inc/Osaka University | 2-3 | IM | |
Plasmid DNA vaccine SCOV1 + SCOV2. COVIDITY | Scancell Ltd | 2 | ID | |
VB10.2129, a DNA plasmid vaccine encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) | Vaccibody AS | 1-2 | IM | |
VB10.2210, DNA plasmid vaccine, encodes multiple immunogenic and conserved T cell epitopes spanning multiple antigens across the SARS-CoV-2 genome | Vaccibody AS | 1-2 | IM | |
SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccine (delivered IM followed by electroporation) | The University of Hong Kong; Immuno Cure 3 Limited | 2 | IM | |
Prophylactic pDNA Vaccine Candidate Against COVID-19 | Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University | 3 | IM | |
Booster DNA vaccine delivered by in vivo “EPS Gun” from IGEA optimized for Electro Gene Transfer (EGT) vaccination | Matti Sällberg, Karolinska Institutet | 1 | IM | |
Virus-like particle | RBD SARS-CoV-2 HBsAg VLP vaccine | Serum Institute of India + Accelagen Pty + SpyBiotech | 2 | IM |
VBI-2902a | VBI Vaccines Inc. | 2 | IM | |
SARS-CoV-2 VLP Vaccine | The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey | 2 | SC | |
ABNCoV2 capsid virus-like particle (cVLP) +/− adjuvant MF59 | Radboud University | 2 | IM | |
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine LYB001, a receptor-binding domain (RBD) from SARS-CoV-2 and virus-like particle (VLP) vector, adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide | Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd. | 3 | IM | |
VBI-2901e. The trivalent vaccine composed of virus-like particles (eVLPs) to express the spike proteins of three coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, with aluminum phosphate and E6020 adjuvants | VBI Vaccines Inc. | 2 | IM | |
Viral vector (Replicating) | DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1 (Intranasal flu-based-RBD) | University of Hong Kong, Xiamen University and Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy | 2 | IN |
rVSV-SARS-CoV-2-S Vaccine (IIBR-100) | Israel Institute for Biological Research | 1 | IM | |
COVIVAC | Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals, Vietnam | 2 | IM | |
NDV-HXP-S; A Live Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus-vectored COVID-19 Vaccine | Sean Liu, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai | 1 | IN | |
Viral vector (Replicating) + APC | Dendritic cell vaccine AV-COVID-19. A vaccine consisting of autologous dendritic cells loaded with antigens from SARS-CoV-2, with or without GM-CSF | Aivita Biomedical, Inc; National Institute of Health Research and Development; Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia | 1 | IM |
Covid-19/aAPC vaccine. The Covid-19/aAPC vaccine is prepared by applying lentivirus modification with immune modulatory genes and the viral minigenes to the artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs). | Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute | 3 | SC | |
Viral vector (Non-replicating) + APC | LV-SMENP-DC vaccine. Dendritic cells are modified with lentivirus vectors expressing Covid-19 minigene; SMENP and immune modulatory genes. CTLs are activated by LV-DC presenting COVID-19-specific antigens. | Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute | 1 | SC & IV |
Viral vector (Non-replicating) | GRAd-COV2 (Replication defective Simian Adenovirus (GRAd) encoding S) | ReiThera + Leukocare + Univercells | 2 | IM |
VXA-CoV2-1 Ad5 adjuvanted Oral Vaccine platform | Vaxart | 2 | Oral | |
MVA-SARS-2-S | University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians) | 2 | IM | |
Human Adenovirus Type 5: hAd5 S+N bivalent vaccine (S-Fusion + N-ETSD). E2b- Deleted Adeno | ImmunityBio, Inc | 1-2 | SC | |
COH04S1 (MVA-SARS-2-S) - Modified vaccinia ankara (sMVA) platform + synthetic SARS-CoV-2 | City of Hope Medical Center + National Cancer Institute | 1-2 | IM | |
AdCLD-CoV19 (adenovirus vector) AdCLD-CoV19-1 OMI | Cellid Co., Ltd. | 1 | IM | |
BBV154, Adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccine | Bharat Biotech International Limited | 1 | IN | |
Chimpanzee Adenovirus serotype 68 (ChAd) and self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) vectors expressing spike alone or spike plus additional SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes. | Gritstone Oncology | 2-3 | IM | |
PIV5 vector that encodes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein | CyanVac LLC | 1 | IN | |
AZD2816; adenoviral vector ChAdOx platform and based on the Beta (B.1.351) variant | AstraZeneca + University of Oxford | 2 | IM | |
AAV5-RBD-S vaccine (BCD-250), A recombinant Adenovirus-Associated viral Vector (AAV-5) encoding spike protein | Biocad | 1 | IM | |
Ad5-triCoV/Mac or ChAd-triCoV/Mac, new experimental adenovirus-based vaccines expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike, nucleocapsid and RNA polymerase proteins | McMaster University | 1 | AE | |
Ad26.cov2.s+bcg vaccine. AD26-BCG | Han Xu, M.D., Ph.D., FAPCR, Sponsor-Investigator, IRB Chai | 1 | ID | |
MVA-SARS-2-ST Vaccine | Hannover Medical School | 1 | IH | |
CoVacHGMix adenoviral vector vaccine | Ankara City Hospital Bilkent | 2 | IM | |
Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (Adenovirus Vector) | Wuhan BravoVax | 1 | IN | |
Protein subunit | KBP-COVID-19 (RBD-based) | Kentucky Bioprocessing Inc. | 2 | IM |
IMP CoVac-1 (SARS-CoV-2 HLA-DR peptides) | University Hospital Tuebingen | 1 | SC | |
Baiya SARS-CoV-2 VAX1, a plant-based subunit vaccine (RBD-Fc + adjuvant) | Baiya Phytopharm Co., Ltd. | 2 | IM | |
Recombinant COVID-19 Variant Vaccine (Sf9 Cell) | Westwac Biopharma Co., Ltde | 1 | IM | |
Recombinant COVID-19 Trivalent (XBB.1.5 + BA.5+Delta) Protein Vaccine (Sf9 Cell) | Westwac Biopharma Co., Ltde | 1 | IM | |
Recombinant COVID-19 Bivalent (XBB.1.5+Prototwpe) Protein Vaccine (Sf9 Cell) | Westwac Biopharma Co., Ltde | 1 | IM | |
COVAC-1 and COVAC-2 subunit vaccine (spike protein) + SWE adjuvant | University of Saskatchewan | 2 | IM | |
MF59 adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 Sclamp vaccine | The University of Queensland | 2 | IM | |
spike ferritin nanoparticle | Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) | 2-3 | IM | |
EuCorVac-19 | POP Biotechnologies and EuBiologics Co., Ltd | 2 | IM | |
ReCOV | Jiangsu Rec-Biotechnology | 2 | IM | |
CoVepiT vaccine | OSE Immunotherapeutics | 1-2 | SC | |
OGEN1, protein-based vaccine | USSF/Vaxform | 1-2 | Oral | |
RBD protein recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Noora Vaccine) | Bagheiat-allah University of Medical Sciences/AmitisGen | 3 | IM | |
SCB-2020S, an adjuvanted recombinant SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S-protein (from B.1.351 variant) | Clover Biopharmaceuticals AUS Pty Ltd | 2 | IM | |
202-CoV; SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer protein + adjuvant CpG7909 | Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology + Walvax Biotechnology + CEPI | 2 | IM | |
Recombinant protein RBD fusion dimer adjuvanted vaccine (COVID-19 Vaccine Hipra) PHH-1V | Laboratorios Hipra, S.A. | 2 | IM | |
Versamune-CoV-2FC vaccine, recombinant S1 antigen | Farmacore Biotecnologia Ltda | 3 | N/A | |
SII B.1.351 + Matrix-M1 adjuvant, a monovalent SII SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 (Beta) variant vaccine | Novavax | 2 | IM | |
SII Bivalent + Matrix-M1 adjuvant, a bivalent SII vaccine containing antigen for both the ancestral strain and B.1.351 (Beta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 | Novavax | 1 | IM | |
SII B.1.617.2 + Matrix-M1 adjuvant, a monovalent SII SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant vaccine | Novavax | 1-2 | IM | |
PepGNP-SARSCoV2, A CD8 T-cell priming adaptive vaccine composed of a Coronavirus-specific peptides mounted on a gold nanoparticle | Emergex Vaccines Holding Limited | 2 | ID | |
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (IN-B009) | HK inno.N Corporation | 2 | IM | |
Adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Beta Variant RBD Recombinant Protein (DoCo-Pro-RBD-1+MF59) | University of Melbourne | 1 | IM | |
Betuvax-CoV-2 COVID-19 vaccine | Human Stem Cell Institute, Russia | 2 | IM | |
VXS-1223U Microarray patch (HD-MAP) vaccine composed of ARS-CoV-2 spike protein (HexaPro) | Vaxxas Pty Ltd. | 1 | ID | |
Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S-Trimer Vaccine (CHO Cell) booster | Binhui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | 1 | IM | |
Live attenuated virus | COVI-VAC | Codagenix/Serum Institute of India | 1-2 | IN |
MV-014-212, a live attenuated vaccine that expresses the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 | Meissa Vaccines, Inc. | 1 | IN | |
Inactivated Virus | Koçak-19 Inactivated adjuvant COVID-19 viral vaccine | Kocak Farma | 2 | IM |
Adjuvanted inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 | The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK) | 2 | SC | |
Covi Vax, inactivated coronavirus vaccine | National Research Centre, Egypt | 2 | IM | |
Osvid-19 inactivated vaccine for Covid-19 | Osve Pharmaceutical Company | 2 | IM | |
EgyVax Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate | Eva Pharma | 2 | IM | |
UNAIR Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine | Airlangga University, Indonesia | 2 | IM | |
Omicron COVID-19 inactivated Vaccine (Vero Cell) | China National Biotec Group Company Limited | 2 | IM | |
Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine | KM Biologics Co., Ltd. | 2 | IM |
