Fig. 2
From: Alternative splicing and related RNA binding proteins in human health and disease
The splicing cycle, RBPs and final types of alternative splicing. The upper figure shows the detailed RNA splicing process. U1 snRNP, SF1, and U2AF recognize and bind to 5’ss, 3’ss, and branch point, respectively, forming the pre-E complex and E complex after conformational changes. U2 snRNP is recruited and displaces SF1, forming the A complex. U2AF leaves from the complex, and U4, U5, and U6 snRNP are recruited, forming the pre-B complex. The B complex is formed after U1 leaves. Then, the intron is spliced, and exons are ligated via two-step transesterifications. During the formation of the pre-E complex, members of the SRSF family typically interact with ESEs and facilitate the binding of U2AF and U1 snRNP to pre-mRNA. Conversely, members of the HNRNP family usually interact with ESSs and impede the binding of U2AF and U1 snRNP to pre-mRNA. Other AS-related RBPs, such as ESRPs, SRSFs, and HNRNPs, have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the conformational changes of the E and A complexes. The bottom figure shows the identified alternative splicing (AS) in mammals, which mostly results in the binding of RNA polymerase II to RNA and regulation of exon identification. This figure was drawn by Adobe Illustrator
