Table 2 Solved GPCR structures complexed with synthetic allosteric modulators bound to the transmembrane domain outside 7TMD

From: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): advances in structures, mechanisms and drug discovery

Structure Type

GPCR type

GPCR

Modulator

Highest Phase

Modulator type

Number

PDB code

Allosteric site

Refs

X-ray diffraction

class A

P2Y1

BPTU

Pre-clinical

Allosteric antagonist

(37)

4XNV

outside 7TMD (I–III)

242

X-ray diffraction

class A

PAR2

AZ3451

Pre-clinical

Allosteric antagonist

(38)

5NDZ

outside 7TMD (II–IV)

451

X-ray diffraction

class A

CB1R

ORG27569

Pre-clinical

NAM

(39)

6KQI

outside 7TMD (II–IV)

257

X-ray diffraction

class A

CB1R

ZCZ011

Pre-clinical

PAM

(40)

7FEE

outside 7TMD (II–IV)

261

X-ray diffraction

class A

GPR40

compound 1

Pre-clinical

Allosteric agonist

(41)

5KW2

outside 7TMD (III–V)

463

X-ray diffraction

class A

GPR40

AP8

Pre-clinical

AgoPAM

(42)

5TZY

outside 7TMD (III–V)

464

X-ray diffraction

class A

β2AR

Cmpd-6FA

Pre-clinical

PAM

(43)

6N48

outside 7TMD (III–V)

269

X-ray diffraction

class A

β2AR

AS408

Pre-clinical

NAM

(44)

6OBA

outside 7TMD (III–V)

465

X-ray diffraction

class A

C5aR1

NDT9513727

Pre-clinical

Allosteric inverse agonist

(45)

5O9H

outside 7TMD (III–V)

466

X-ray diffraction

class A

C5aR1

avacopan

Approved

Allosteric antagonist

(46)

6C1R

outside 7TMD (III–V)

467

Cryo-EM

class A

DRD1

LY3154207

Phase 2

PAM

(47)

7CKZ

outside 7TMD (III–V)

277

Cryo-EM

class A

CXCR3

SCH546738

Pre-clinical

Allosteric antagonist

(48)

8HNN

outside 7TMD (V–VI)

299

Cryo-EM

class A

A1R

MIPS521

Pre-clinical

PAM

(49)

7LD3

outside 7TMD (I, VI, VII)

305

Cryo-EM

class A

GPR101

AA-14

Pre-clinical

Allosteric agonist

(15)

8W8S

outside 7TMD (I, VI, VII)

201

Cryo-EM

class C

mGlu4

VU0364770

Pre-clinical

PAM

(50)

8JD5

outside 7TMD (I, VI, VII)

468

Cryo-EM

class C

mGlu4

ADX88178

Pre-clinical

PAM

(51)

8JD6

outside 7TMD (I, VI, VII)

468