Fig. 3

Classic signaling pathways related to tumor metastasis. Among them, MAPK, PI3K-AKT, TGF-β, JAK-STAT are phosphorylation-based signaling pathways that are cascaded and amplified by extracellular activating factors into the cell, ultimately entering downstream nuclear transcription regulation. Wnt and NF-κB signaling pathway are signal forms based on phosphorylation and protein ubiquitination degradation, which are also widely expressed. Notch is a protein shear-dependent signaling pattern. A significant feature that distinguishes the STING pathway from several other immune signaling mechanisms is that its activation is triggered by DNA, thus lacking any pathogen specificity. Created with BioRender.com