Table 3 Typical treatment for metastatic cancer
Treatment | Cancer | Result | Reference number |
|---|---|---|---|
Chemotherapy | Metastatic breast cancer | Chemotherapy is designed to prevent tumor regrowth by killing actively dividing cells, and are the only systemic treatment option currently available for the triple-negative subtype of tumors. | |
Radiotherapy | Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | In NSCLC, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) prior to maintenance chemotherapy appeared beneficial, nearly tripling progression-free survival in patients compared with maintenance chemotherapy alone. | |
Radiotherapy and immunotherapy | Metastatic cancer | Radiation enhances many of the steps needed for the generation of antigen-specific immune responses, thus there is promise in combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy. | |
Targeted therapy | Metastatic breast cancer | There are standard therapeutic small molecule targeted drug approaches such as CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors. | |
Targeted therapy | HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer | The dual blockade of pertuzumab and trastuzumab, with docetaxel, brings good effects, even demonstrating an 8-year landmark overall survival rate of 37%. | |
Targeted therapy | HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer | The combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib is active and well-tolerated, and dual blockade of HER2 inhibits tumor growth in patient-derived in metastatic colorectal cancer. | |
Targeted therapy | Metastatic prostate cancer | A radio-labeled small molecule, Lutetium-177 [Lu]-PSMA-617, binds with high affinity to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and the beta particle therapy can target metastatic destructive resistant prostate cancer. | |
Targeted therapy | Metastatic cancer | New anti-tumor growth and metastasis strategies are developed by targeting the factors produced by tumor-associated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in TME. | |
Targeted therapy | Metastatic prostate cancer | Bone is often an early site of metastasis in prostate cancers, and alpha emitter radium-223 selectively attacks bone metastases with alpha particles, improving overall survival in patients with bone metastatic prostate cancer. | |
Immunotherapy | Metastatic cancer | Innate immune checkpoints, which interfere with the detection and clearance of malignant cells through phagocytosis and inhibit innate immune sensing, also have a key role in tumor-mediated immune escape and thus could be potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. | |
Immunotherapy | Metastatic non-squamous cell lung cancer | Bevacizumab plus atezolizumab plus chemotherapy both significantly improve progression-free survival and overall survival in patients. | |
Immunotherapy | Metastatic cancer | The combination regimen of Mn and anti-PD-1 antibodies demonstrated good efficacy in most patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors, demonstrating type I IFN induction, a controlled safety profile and a recovery response to immunotherapy. | |
Immunotherapy | Metastatic sarcoma | Evidence has been presented that durvalumab, an anti-PD-L1 drug, and tremelimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 drug, the combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab is an active treatment regimen for metastatic sarcoma. | |
Immunotherapy | Metastatic cancer | Immunotherapy based on the adoptive transfer of naturally occurring or gene-engineered T cells can be effective in treating patients with metastatic cancer. | |
Immunotherapy | Metastatic cervical cancer | Patients with metastatic cervical cancer experienced durable, complete regression after a single infusion of HPV-TILs. | |
Immunotherapy Tumor vaccine | Metastatic cancer | A vaccine targeting resistant tumors by dual T cell plus NK cell attack can be very helpful in the treatment of metastatic cancer: immunization after surgical removal of a highly metastatic primary tumor can inhibit the growth of subsequent metastases. | |
Immunotherapy and radiotherapy | Metastatic immune-cold tumors | Low-dose radiotherapy reprogrammed the tumor microenvironment with sparse immune infiltration while inducing an immune response to achieve tumor control | |
Immunotherapy and targeted therapy | Metastatic non-squamous NSCLC | Compared to chemotherapy alone, the addition of pembrolizumab to standardized chemotherapy with pemetrexed and a platinum-based agent had higher overall and progression-free survival. | |
Nanotechnology and operation | Metastatic cancer | Encapsulation of the drug in nanoparticles reduce toxicity while increasing the specificity and signal intensity of the imaging agent, allowing visualization of metastases during surgery. | |
Nanotechnology | Metastatic cancer | A supramolecular cationic gold nanorod can serve as a carrier to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 targeting PD-L1, thus improving immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). | |
Nanotechnology | Metastatic cancer | DNA nanorobotic systems can deliver drugs that have specific biological activity and cannot be used as conventional therapeutic agents for targeted tumor therapy. | |
Oncolytic virotherapy | Metastatic melanoma | OVs can act as immunotherapeutic agents alone or as fusion platforms for immunomodulation. FDA has approved the first OV for metastatic melanoma, talimogene laherparepvec (Imlygic). | |
Oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy | Melanoma | ACT of tumor-specific T cells has a highly advantageous effect when combined with OVs. Due to the improved T-cell effector function, combination therapy is far more effective than any of the monotherapies. | |
Oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy | Metastatic cancer | OVs can use created tumors as an in situ source for neoantigen vaccination, leading to regression of distant uninfected tumors through cross-presentation. | |
Antibody-drug conjugates | Breast cancer | Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is an antibody-drug conjugate with an SN-38 payload targeting trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2, an epithelial antigen expressed in breast cancer, which demonstrated statistically significant progression-free survival benefit over chemotherapy. | |
Antibody-drug conjugates | HER2-positive breast cancer | An antibody-drug conjugate, trastuzumab deruxtecan, has shown high activity for the treatment of patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer whose disease has progressed after multiple treatments. |
