Table 2 Representative clinical trials of MSC therapies

From: Pharmacokinetic characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells in translational challenges

General indication	Clinical indication	Cell source	Administration route	Clinical efficacy	Engineered	Phase	Trial number
Autoimmune diseases	Rheumatoid arthritis	Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells	Systemic	Yes	No	2	NCT03186417
Autoimmune diseases	Systematic lupus erythematous	Allogeneic UC	Systemic	Promising	No	2	NCT03171194
Arthropathy	Osteoarthritis, knee	Autologous BM	Local	Yes	No	1/2	NCT01183728
	Osteoarthritis, knee	Autologous BM	Local	Yes	No	1/2	NCT01586312
	Osteoarthritis, knee	Autologous BM	Local	Yes	No	2	NCT02958267
	Focal cartilage lesions of the knee	Allogeneic BM	Local	Yes	No	1/2	NCT02037204
Blood disorder	Nonmalignant red blood cell disorders	Allogeneic BM	Systemic	No	No	2	NCT00957931
Cancer	Advanced gastrointestinal cancer	Autologous BM	Systemic	No	Yes	1/2	NCT02008539
Cancer	Metastases solid tumors	Autologous BM	Systemic	Unknown	Yes	1/2	NCT01844661
Cardiovascular diseases	Acute myocardial infarction	Allogeneic BM	Systemic	Yes	No	2	NCT00877903
	Chronic heart failure	Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells	Local	Yes	No	3	NCT02032004
	Heart failure	Autologous UC	Systemic	Yes	No	3	NCT05043610
	Ischemic stroke	Allogeneic BM	Systemic	No	No	2	NCT01436487
	Non-ischemic heart failure	Autologous BM	Systemic	No	No	2	NCT02467387
	Undergoing cardiac surgery	Autologous BM	Local	Yes	No	1/2	NCT00587990
	Cardiomyopathy due to anthracyclines	Allogeneic BM	Systemic	Yes	No	1	NCT02509156
	Chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction	Autologous BM	Local	No	No	1/2	NCT01087996
	Chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction	Autologous BM	Local	Yes	No	2	NCT02013674
	Nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy	Autologous/Allogeneic BM	Systemic	Yes	No	1/2	NCT01392625
	Ventricular dysfunction, left	Autologous BM	Systemic	Yes	No	1/2	NCT00768066
	Dilated cardiomyopathy	Autologous BM	Systemic	Yes	No	2	NCT00629018
	Heart failure	Allogeneic BM	Local	Unknown	No	2	NCT00927784
Dental diseases	Periapical periodontitis	Allogeneic UC	Local	Yes	No	1/2	NCT03102879
Eye diseases	Advanced glaucoma	Autologous BM	Local	Unknown	No	1	NCT02330978
GvHD	Acute GvHD	Allogeneic BM	Local	Yes	No	1/2	NCT02379442
	Chronic GvHD	Allogeneic BM	Local	Unknown	No	2/3	NCT01526850
	Grade B to D acute GvHD	Allogeneic BM	Systemic	Yes	No	3	NCT02336230
	Grade B to D acute GvHD	Allogeneic BM	Systemic	Yes	No	3	NCT00366145
IBD	Crohn’s disease	Allogeneic adipose tissue	Local	Yes	No	3	NCT01541579
	Crohn’s disease	Allogeneic BM	Systemic	Yes	No	3	NCT00482092
	Ulcerative colitis	Allogeneic BM	Systemic	To be determined	No	2	NCT01240915
Kidney disorders	Acute kidney injury	Allogeneic BM	Systemic	No	No	2	NCT01602328
	Diabetic nephropathy	Allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells	Systemic	Yes	No	1/2	NCT01843387
	Kidney failure	Allogeneic BM	Systemic	No	No	1/2	NCT01429038
	Renal transplantation	Autologous BM	Systemic	Yes	No	N/A	NCT00658073
Neurological disorders	Alzheimer’s disease	Allogeneic UC	Systemic	Unknown	No	1/2	NCT01547689
	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	Autologous BM	Local	Yes	Yes	2	NCT02017912
	Chronic progressive multiple sclerosis	Autologous BM	Local	To be determined	Yes	2	NCT03799718
	Diabetic peripheral neuropathy	Autologous BM	Systemic	Yes	No	N/A	NCT02387749
	Multiple sclerosis	Autologous BM	Systemic	To be determined	No	2	NCT02239393
	Spinal cord injury	Autologous BM	Local	No	No	1	NCT01909154
	Spinal cord injury	Allogeneic UC	Local	Yes	No	1/2	NCT02481440
	Spinal cord injury	Autologous BM	Local	Yes	No	1	NCT02165904
Respiratory disorders	Acute respiratory distress syndrome	Allogeneic BM	Systemic	N/A	No	1	NCT01775774
	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Allogeneic BM	Systemic	No	No	2	NCT00683722
	Lung adenocarcinoma	Allogeneic UC	Systemic	To be determined	Yes	1/2	NCT03298763
	Acute respiratory distress syndrome	Allogeneic BM	Systemic	Yes	No	2	NCT02097641
	Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	Allogeneic UC	Systemic	Yes	No	1	NCT01385644
	Respiratory distress syndrome, adult	Autologous BM	Systemic	Unknown	No	2	NCT02112500
Skin disorder	Psoriasis vulgaris	Allogeneic UC	Systemic	Yes	No	1/2	NCT02491658

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Table 2 Representative clinical trials of MSC therapies

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