Fig. 4 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Intranasal delivery of a subunit protein vaccine provides protective immunity against JN.1 and XBB-lineage variants

Fig. 4

Combination of intramuscular and intranasal immunization elicits superior mucosal and systemic cellular immune response. a The percentages of antigen-specific IFN-γ- or TNF-α-producing memory T cells in lung tissue after stimulation with peptide pools of XBB.1.5 spike protein (n = 5 mice each group). b The frequencies of Tfh, GC B (CD19+GL7+CD95+), and antigen-specific B cells in mediastinal lymph nodes (n = 6 mice in each group). c The percentages of antigen-specific T cells and antigen-specific plasma cells (RBD+CD19-CD138+) in spleen tissue (n = 5 mice each group). The middle line indicates the median and the box shows the data range. P values were conducted by One-way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test. ****P < 0.0001; ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; ns not significant

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