Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in the Henan cohort before and after propensity score matching
Characteristics | Before matching | After 2:1 matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Azvudine (n = 6943) | Paxlovid (n = 1202) | P value | Azvudine (n = 2404) | Paxlovid (n = 1202) | P value | |
Age, mean (SD), year | 68.37 (15.22) | 69.26 (14.81) | 0.058 | 68.88 (14.72) | 69.26 (14.81) | 0.455 |
Gender, n (%) | <0.001 | 0.529 | ||||
Male | 4173 (60.1) | 790 (65.7) | 1553 (64.6) | 790 (65.7) | ||
Female | 2770 (39.9) | 412 (34.3) | 851 (35.4) | 412 (34.3) | ||
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 24.23 (3.94) | 24.44 (3.84) | 0.097 | 24.39 (4.01) | 24.44 (3.84) | 0.726 |
Severity at admission, n (%) | <0.001 | 0.724 | ||||
Mild | 977 (14.1) | 57 (4.7) | 117 (4.9) | 57 (4.7) | ||
Moderate | 4459 (64.2) | 740 (61.6) | 1509 (62.8) | 740 (61.6) | ||
Severe | 1507 (21.7) | 405 (33.7) | 778 (32.4) | 405 (33.7) | ||
Vaccination doses, n (%) | 0.088 | 0.902 | ||||
0 dose | 2228 (32.1) | 343 (28.5) | 690 (28.7) | 343 (28.5) | ||
1 dose | 417 (6.0) | 74 (6.2) | 142 (5.9) | 74 (6.2) | ||
2 doses | 921 (13.3) | 190 (15.8) | 355 (14.8) | 190 (15.8) | ||
3 doses | 3313 (47.7) | 583 (48.5) | 1196 (49.8) | 583 (48.5) | ||
4 doses | 62 (0.9) | 12 (1.0) | 21 (0.9) | 12 (1.0) | ||
5 doses | 2 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Time from diagnosis to treatment exposure, n (%) | <0.001 | 0.214 | ||||
>5 days | 1136 (16.4) | 409 (34.0) | 767 (31.9) | 409 (34.0) | ||
0–5 days | 5807 (83.6) | 793 (66.0) | 1637 (68.1) | 793 (66.0) | ||
Concomitant antibiotics, n (%) | <0.001 | 0.875 | ||||
No | 3070 (44.2) | 743 (61.8) | 1478 (61.5) | 743 (61.8) | ||
Yes | 3873 (55.8) | 459 (38.2) | 926 (38.5) | 459 (38.2) | ||
Concomitant systemic steroid, n (%) | <0.001 | 0.557 | ||||
No | 3875 (55.8) | 795 (66.1) | 1566 (65.1) | 795 (66.1) | ||
Yes | 3068 (44.2) | 407 (33.9) | 838 (34.9) | 407 (33.9) | ||
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
Diabetes | 1764 (25.4) | 322 (26.8) | 0.328 | 627 (26.1) | 322 (26.8) | 0.679 |
Hypertension | 3106 (44.7) | 503 (41.8) | 0.067 | 987 (41.1) | 503 (41.8) | 0.676 |
Liver diseases | 770 (11.1) | 242 (20.1) | <0.001 | 443 (18.4) | 242 (20.1) | 0.236 |
Cardio-cerebral diseases | 2196 (31.6) | 434 (36.1) | 0.002 | 817 (34.0) | 434 (36.1) | 0.221 |
Kidney diseases | 1864 (26.8) | 247 (20.5) | <0.001 | 494 (20.5) | 247 (20.5) | 1.0 |
Primary malignant tumor | 730 (10.5) | 147 (12.2) | 0.085 | 303 (12.6) | 147 (12.2) | 0.789 |
Chronic respiratory diseases | 1164 (16.8) | 180 (15.0) | 0.133 | 356 (14.8) | 180 (15.0) | 0.934 |
Autoimmune diseases | 234 (3.4) | 59 (4.9) | 0.01 | 119 (5.0) | 59 (4.9) | 1.0 |
Laboratory parameters, mean (SD) | ||||||
Neutrophil, ×109/L | 5.81 (4.80) | 6.45 (4.74) | <0.001 | 6.08 (4.24) | 6.45 (4.74) | 0.017 |
Lymphocyte, ×109/L | 1.20 (4.53) | 1.17 (3.52) | 0.796 | 1.14 (2.49) | 1.17 (3.52) | 0.746 |
Glucose, mmol/L | 8.02 (4.13) | 8.23 (4.26) | 0.103 | 8.14 (4.28) | 8.23 (4.26) | 0.537 |
High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.16 (2.09) | 1.09 (1.30) | 0.269 | 1.07 (1.20) | 1.09 (1.30) | 0.629 |
Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 2.36 (2.26) | 2.28 (1.38) | 0.223 | 2.27 (1.81) | 2.28 (1.38) | 0.921 |
Alanine aminotransferase, IU/L | 37.51 (101.01) | 40.71 (74.34) | 0.295 | 39.45 (80.19) | 40.71 (74.34) | 0.649 |
Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L | 42.83 (153.92) | 39.69 (52.09) | 0.485 | 39.89 (68.93) | 39.69 (52.09) | 0.93 |
Creatine, μmol/L | 108.00 (180.11) | 97.70 (132.22) | 0.058 | 99.88 (158.58) | 97.70 (132.22) | 0.68 |
Glomerular filtration rate, ml/min | 80.47 (55.31) | 84.34 (60.65) | 0.027 | 84.33 (73.32) | 84.34 (60.65) | 0.998 |
C-reactive protein, mg/L | 53.98 (65.79) | 57.48 (64.84) | 0.088 | 57.97 (70.25) | 57.48 (64.84) | 0.842 |
Procalcitonin, ng/ml | 1.24 (7.22) | 1.25 (6.67) | 0.954 | 1.18 (7.01) | 1.25 (6.67) | 0.762 |
Prothrombin time, s | 16.95 (10.29) | 15.48 (10.47) | <0.001 | 15.44 (8.22) | 15.48 (10.47) | 0.899 |
Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 27.54 (12.18) | 28.22 (15.28) | 0.084 | 28.02 (10.45) | 28.22 (15.28) | 0.639 |
Cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.01 (2.28) | 3.85 (1.13) | 0.022 | 3.85 (1.58) | 3.85 (1.13) | 0.992 |
Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.50 (2.42) | 1.41 (1.43) | 0.181 | 1.40 (1.51) | 1.41 (1.43) | 0.958 |
Alkaline phosphatase, IU/L | 82.46 (52.57) | 87.71 (92.21) | 0.005 | 85.82 (62.85) | 87.71 (92.21) | 0.47 |
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, IU/L | 58.03 (125.51) | 59.65 (71.84) | 0.664 | 61.03 (93.80) | 59.65 (71.84) | 0.654 |
Albumin, g/L | 36.76 (34.00) | 33.57 (8.77) | 0.001 | 33.56 (13.52) | 33.57 (8.77) | 0.976 |
Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 12.19 (11.29) | 11.44 (12.31) | 0.037 | 11.42 (10.05) | 11.44 (12.31) | 0.963 |
