Fig. 2
The milestones of energy metabolism development. The field of energy metabolism research originated in the mid-19th century and experienced rapid growth throughout the 20th century. Historical milestones, including the establishment of the law of energy conservation, the discovery of the Warburg effect, the identification of ATP, and the elucidation of the TCA cycle, have significantly advanced our understanding of energy metabolic processes and led to the revelation of multiple metabolic pathways. With the advent of the 21st century, researchers are extensively investigating the regulatory mechanisms of energy metabolism and actively exploring methods for its detection, as well as therapeutic strategies targeting energy metabolism for disease treatment
