Fig. 5

mCV-1 and mCV-2 protect A129 mice from mortality due to CHIKV infection. a The vaccination and sample collection timeline, Serum collection, and determination of binding antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels were performed on days 21 and 28 after initial immunization, followed by challenge experiments on day 42. Body temperature, body weight, and joint changes were monitored daily after the challenge until all mice in the placebo group died, and survival curves were plotted; b The titers of binding antibodies at days 21 and 28; c Neutralizing antibody titers at 21, 28, and 56 days post-immunization; d Variation in viremia within 21 days post-challenge; e and f Changes in body weight (e) and the degree of swelling in the right hind limb joints (f) of A129 mice post-challenge; g Survival rate of mice post-challenge; h Viral loads in the spleen and joint tissues of mice on day 21 post-challenge; i Elispots experiments to enumerate specific spots indicating cytokine secretion by splenocytes stimulated with the E2 protein for IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4; j-k, Joint tissue pathological sections (k) and pathological scores (j). Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests for bar graphs; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001; ns not significant