Fig. 6
DT-109 alleviates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced smooth muscle cell osteogenic differentiation in vitro.a Heatmap comparing calcification-related gene expression levels in cynomolgus monkey coronary arteries between vehicle and DT-109 treatment (n = 4 for each group). b Real-time PCR validation of smooth muscle contraction-related transcription factors actin alpha 2, smooth muscle (ACTA2) and calponin 1 (CNN1) normalized with 18S in right coronary arteries isolated from vehicle- and DT-109-treated monkeys (n = 5 for each group). c Real-time PCR validation of vascular calcification-related transcription factors runx family transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase (POR), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), and MMP9 normalized with 18S in monkey coronary arteries (n = 5 for each group). d Effect of DT-109 on smooth muscle contraction markers (ACTA2 and CNN1) in HASMC and A7r5 cells stimulated with or without ox-LDL for 24 h (n = 4 biologically independent samples). e Effect of DT-109 on osteogenic differentiation markers (RUNX2 and POR) in A7r5 cells stimulated with or without ox-LDL for 24 h (n = 4 for each group). Data are presented as mean ± SD; all data points are shown. Statistical differences were compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis or Dunn’s test, multiple comparison adjusted p-values were reported
